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three-flower rush, three-hulled rush

grass rush, grass-leaf rush, grassleaf or red-anther rush

Habit Herbs, perennial, cespitose, 0.3–3.5 dm. Herbs, perennial, occasionally tufted, sometimes rhizomatous, 3–13 dm.
Rhizomes

short, knotty.

Culms

1–8, 0.3–0.5 mm diam.

compressed.

Cataphylls

1–2.

Leaves

basal, 2–4;

auricles slightly prolonged, rounded, scarious to ± leathery;

blade deeply channeled, 2–10 cm, mostly shorter than culms.

basal and cauline;

auricles 0.5–1.5 mm, apex rounded, membranous;

basal blade flat, 20–4.5 dcm × 1.5–5 mm, cauline reduced.

Inflorescences

solitary heads, each with 2–3(–50) flowers;

primary bracts brownish, nearly equal to or slightly shorter thanabout equaling inflorescence.

glomerules, (2–)5–200, each with (1–)2–10(–20) flowers, mostly open, 3–10(–15) cm;

primary bract shorter than inflorescence.

Flowers

tepals pale brown or darker, oblong-lanceolate, 3–5 mm, outer and inner series nearly equal;

stamens 6, filaments 2.5–4 mm, anthers 0.6–1 mm;

styles 0.5–0.8 mm.

tepals dark brownish, usually with green midstripe, outer series ovate-lanceolate, 1.8–3.2 mm, margins broad, clear, awned or not, apex acutish;

inner series ovate to lanceolate, 2–3.5 mm, slightly longer than outer series, apex obtuse to acute, awned or not;

stamens 3, opposite outer tepals, shorter to longer than tepals, filaments 1.1–2.5 mm, anthers 0.3–1.2 mm;

style 0.3 mm.

Capsules

tan, pseudo-3-locular, 3-gonous–cylindric, apex obtuse, mucronate.

brown and sometimes dark spotted, 3-locular, obovoid to nearly globose, 1.8–2.9 mm, shorter to longer than perianth.

Seeds

tan or darker, fusiform, body 0.5–1 mm, tails 0.6–1 mm.

yellow to light brown, fusiform, 0.4–0.7 mm, not tailed.

2n

= 38, 40.

Juncus triglumis

Juncus marginatus

Phenology Flowering and fruiting late spring–fall.
Habitat Moist to wet sandy, peaty, or clayey soils, usually in open areas including bogs, shores, marshes, and ditches
Distribution
from FNA
AK; CO; ID; MT; NM; OR; UT; WY; AB; BC; MB; NT; NU; ON; QC; SK; YT; Eurasia
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; NS; ON; Mexico; Central America; West Indies (Cuba)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 3 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The number of glomerules per inflorescence, stamen length vs.versus perianth length, and tepal shape have separately and in combination been used to distinguish a number of taxa at various nomenclaturalorial ranks. These characters, however, vary considerably across the distribution of the species (broad sense) and do so independently of one another to the point that if separate taxa are recognized, they pass insensibly among each other.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Most proximal bracts of inflorescence obtuse to mucronate, usually much shorter than inflorescence; capsules well exserted from perianth, 4.5–7 mm, apex conic or rounded proximal to persistent style
var. triglumis
1. Most proximal bracts of infloresecence equal to or longer than inflorescence, apex long acuminate or awned; capsules included or barely exserted from perianth, 3–5 mm, apex nearly truncate proximal to persistent style
var. albescens
Source FNA vol. 22. FNA vol. 22.
Parent taxa Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Alpini Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Graminifolii
Sibling taxa
J. acuminatus, J. acutiflorus, J. acutus, J. alpinoarticulatus, J. anthelatus, J. arcticus, J. articulatus, J. biglumis, J. bolanderi, J. brachycarpus, J. brachycephalus, J. brachyphyllus, J. brevicaudatus, J. bryoides, J. bufonius, J. bulbosus, J. caesariensis, J. canadensis, J. capillaris, J. capitatus, J. castaneus, J. chlorocephalus, J. compressus, J. confusus, J. cooperi, J. coriaceus, J. covillei, J. debilis, J. dichotomus, J. diffusissimus, J. drummondii, J. dubius, J. dudleyi, J. effusus, J. elliottii, J. ensifolius, J. falcatus, J. filiformis, J. filipendulus, J. georgianus, J. gerardii, J. greenei, J. gymnocarpus, J. hallii, J. hemiendytus, J. howellii, J. inflexus, J. interior, J. kelloggii, J. leiospermus, J. lesueurii, J. longistylis, J. luciensis, J. macrandrus, J. macrophyllus, J. marginatus, J. maritimus, J. megacephalus, J. mertensianus, J. militaris, J. nevadensis, J. nodatus, J. nodosus, J. occidentalis, J. orthophyllus, J. oxymeris, J. parryi, J. patens, J. pelocarpus, J. pervetus, J. phaeocephalus, J. polycephalus, J. regelii, J. repens, J. roemerianus, J. scirpoides, J. secundus, J. squarrosus, J. stygius, J. subcaudatus, J. subtilis, J. supiniformis, J. tenuis, J. texanus, J. textilis, J. tiehmii, J. torreyi, J. trifidus, J. triformis, J. trigonocarpus, J. uncialis, J. validus, J. vaseyi, J. xiphioides
J. acuminatus, J. acutiflorus, J. acutus, J. alpinoarticulatus, J. anthelatus, J. arcticus, J. articulatus, J. biglumis, J. bolanderi, J. brachycarpus, J. brachycephalus, J. brachyphyllus, J. brevicaudatus, J. bryoides, J. bufonius, J. bulbosus, J. caesariensis, J. canadensis, J. capillaris, J. capitatus, J. castaneus, J. chlorocephalus, J. compressus, J. confusus, J. cooperi, J. coriaceus, J. covillei, J. debilis, J. dichotomus, J. diffusissimus, J. drummondii, J. dubius, J. dudleyi, J. effusus, J. elliottii, J. ensifolius, J. falcatus, J. filiformis, J. filipendulus, J. georgianus, J. gerardii, J. greenei, J. gymnocarpus, J. hallii, J. hemiendytus, J. howellii, J. inflexus, J. interior, J. kelloggii, J. leiospermus, J. lesueurii, J. longistylis, J. luciensis, J. macrandrus, J. macrophyllus, J. maritimus, J. megacephalus, J. mertensianus, J. militaris, J. nevadensis, J. nodatus, J. nodosus, J. occidentalis, J. orthophyllus, J. oxymeris, J. parryi, J. patens, J. pelocarpus, J. pervetus, J. phaeocephalus, J. polycephalus, J. regelii, J. repens, J. roemerianus, J. scirpoides, J. secundus, J. squarrosus, J. stygius, J. subcaudatus, J. subtilis, J. supiniformis, J. tenuis, J. texanus, J. textilis, J. tiehmii, J. torreyi, J. trifidus, J. triformis, J. triglumis, J. trigonocarpus, J. uncialis, J. validus, J. vaseyi, J. xiphioides
Subordinate taxa
J. triglumis var. albescens, J. triglumis var. triglumis
Synonyms J. aristulatus, J. aristulatus var. pinetorum, J. biflorus, J. longii, J. marginatus var. aristulatus, J. marginatus var. biflorus, J. marginatus var. odoratus, J. marginatus var. paucicapitatus, J. marginatus var. setosus, J. marginatus var. vulgaris, J. odoratus, J. setosus
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 328. (1753) Rostkovius: de Junco 38, plate 2, fig. 3. (1801)
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