Juncus triglumis |
Juncus canadensis |
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three-flower rush, three-hulled rush |
Canada rush, Canadian rush |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, 0.3–3.5 dm. | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, 3–10 dm. | ||||
Culms | 1–8, 0.3–0.5 mm diam. |
erect, 1–5 mm diam., smooth. |
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Cataphylls | 1–2. |
0 or 1–2, straw-colored, apex rounded. |
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Leaves | basal, 2–4; auricles slightly prolonged, rounded, scarious to ± leathery; blade deeply channeled, 2–10 cm, mostly shorter than culms. |
basal 1, cauline 2–3; auricles 1–1.2 mm, apex rounded, scarious; blade terete, 7–22 cm × 1.2–3 mm. |
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Inflorescences | solitary heads, each with 2–3(–50) flowers; primary bracts brownish, nearly equal to or slightly shorter thanabout equaling inflorescence. |
panicles or racemes of 3–50 heads, 2–20 cm, branches erect to ascending; primary bract erect; heads 5–50-flowered, obconic to spheric, 3–10 mm diam. |
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Flowers | tepals pale brown or darker, oblong-lanceolate, 3–5 mm, outer and inner series nearly equal; stamens 6, filaments 2.5–4 mm, anthers 0.6–1 mm; styles 0.5–0.8 mm. |
tepals green or straw-colored to reddish brown, lanceolate; outer tepals 2.7–3.8 mm, apex acuminate; inner tepals 2.9–4 mm, apex acuminate; stamens 3(–6), anthers 1/2 filament length. |
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Capsules | tan, pseudo-3-locular, 3-gonous–cylindric, apex obtuse, mucronate. |
equaling perianth or exserted, chestnut brown, imperfectly 3-locular, lanceoloid, 3.3–4.5 mm, acute proximal to beak, valves separating at dehiscence. |
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Seeds | tan or darker, fusiform, body 0.5–1 mm, tails 0.6–1 mm. |
fusiform, 1.1–1.9 mm, tailed; body covered with whitish translucent veil. |
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2n | = 80. |
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Juncus triglumis |
Juncus canadensis |
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Phenology | Fruiting mid summer–fall. | |||||
Habitat | Salt, brackish, and calcareous marshes, acid bogs, roadsides, tidal flats, swamps, patterned fen, lake shores, beaches | |||||
Elevation | 0–200 m (0–700 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AK; CO; ID; MT; NM; OR; UT; WY; AB; BC; MB; NT; NU; ON; QC; SK; YT; Eurasia
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AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM
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Discussion | Varieties 3 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Two varieties and two forms occurring within the flora have been recognized (M. L. Fernald 1945b). Juncus canadensis var. sparsiflorus has stiffly erect inflorescence branches, and the flowers are generally longer than those of var. canadensis. These varieties simply serve to give name to parts of the broad morphologic range of variation encountered in J. canadensis and do not appear to represent any distinct biological entities. Juncus canadensis and the following three species form a distinctive group: they have ve been variously treated as speecies (as here), varieties of J. canadensis, or as two species, J. canadensis and a polymorphic species, J. brachysephalus, encompassing the other three species (B. Boivin 1967–1979, part IV). Most of the species are easily recognized at their extremes but show a fair amount of overlap. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. | ||||
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Alpini | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Septati | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | J. canadensis var. longicaudatus, J. canadensis var. sparsiflorus, J. longicaudatus, J. polycephalus var. paradoxus | |||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 328. (1753) | J. Gay ex Laharpe: in J. J. C. de Laharpe, Essai Monogr. Jonc. 46. (1825) | ||||
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