Juncus triglumis |
Juncus bufonius |
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three-flower rush, three-hulled rush |
common toad rush, toad rush |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, 0.3–3.5 dm. | Herbs, annual, cespitose, 0.5–4 dm. | ||||
Culms | 1–8, 0.3–0.5 mm diam. |
1–many, occasionally becoming decumbent. |
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Cataphylls | 1–2. |
0–2. |
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Leaves | basal, 2–4; auricles slightly prolonged, rounded, scarious to ± leathery; blade deeply channeled, 2–10 cm, mostly shorter than culms. |
basal and cauline; auricles rudimentary or absent; blade flat, 3–13 cm × 0.3–1.1 mm. |
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Inflorescences | solitary heads, each with 2–3(–50) flowers; primary bracts brownish, nearly equal to or slightly shorter thanabout equaling inflorescence. |
loose and diffuse or less often compact, usually at least ½1/2 total height of plant; primary bract shorter than inflorescence. |
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Flowers | tepals pale brown or darker, oblong-lanceolate, 3–5 mm, outer and inner series nearly equal; stamens 6, filaments 2.5–4 mm, anthers 0.6–1 mm; styles 0.5–0.8 mm. |
bracteoles 2; tepals greenish, lanceolate, 3.8–7(–8.5) mm; inner series slightly shorter, apex sometimes obtuse; stamens 3–6, filaments (0.7–)1–1.8 mm, anthers 0.3–0.8 mm; style 0.1–0.2 mm. |
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Capsules | tan, pseudo-3-locular, 3-gonous–cylindric, apex obtuse, mucronate. |
tan to reddish brown, 3-locular, ellipsoid to narrowly so, slightly truncate, 2.7–4 × 1–1.5 mm, sometimes exceeding inner tepals but usually not outer series. |
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Seeds | tan or darker, fusiform, body 0.5–1 mm, tails 0.6–1 mm. |
yellowish, widely ellipsoid to ovoid, 0.26–0.49, not tailed. |
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2n | = 27–37, 58–81, 108–115. |
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Juncus triglumis |
Juncus bufonius |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting spring–early fall. | |||||
Habitat | Moist soils in meadows, along lakeshores or stream banks, ditches, or roadsides, especially frequent in drawdown areas, usually in open sites and often becoming weedy | |||||
Distribution |
AK; CO; ID; MT; NM; OR; UT; WY; AB; BC; MB; NT; NU; ON; QC; SK; YT; Eurasia
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AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Greenland; nearly worldwide
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Discussion | Varieties 3 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Nearly worldwide, Juncus bufonius is found essentially throughout North America except north of the Alaskan and Canadian tTaiga. Juncus bufonius is a highly polymorphic complex that is poorly understood systematically. Insufficient evidence exists upon which to base the segregation of the plethora of taxa that have been recognized out of this group in the past. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. | ||||
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Alpini | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Poiophylli | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | J. bufonius var. congestus, J. bufonius var. halophilus, J. bufonius var. hybridus, J. bufonius var. occidentalis, J. bufonius var. ranarius, J. congestus, J. ranarius | |||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 328. (1753) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 328. (1753) | ||||
Web links |
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