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three-flower rush, three-hulled rush

short-fruit rush, white-root rush

Habit Herbs, perennial, cespitose, 0.3–3.5 dm. Herbs, perennial, not cespitose, rhizomatous, (3–)4.5–8(–9) dm.
Rhizomes

tuberous, 3–4 mm diam.

Culms

1–8, 0.3–0.5 mm diam.

erect, terete, 2–3 mm diam., smooth.

Cataphylls

1–2.

0(–1), straw-colored, apex acute.

Leaves

basal, 2–4;

auricles slightly prolonged, rounded, scarious to ± leathery;

blade deeply channeled, 2–10 cm, mostly shorter than culms.

basal 1–2, cauline 2–4, auricles 0.5–3.5 mm, apex rounded, scarious;

blade green to straw-colored, terete, 3–50 cm × 1–2 mm diam.

Inflorescences

solitary heads, each with 2–3(–50) flowers;

primary bracts brownish, nearly equal to or slightly shorter thanabout equaling inflorescence.

terminal panicles of 2–10(–20) heads or a single head, 1–4(–10) cm, branches ascending;

primary bract erect;

heads 30–100-flowered, spheric, 8–10 mm diam.

Flowers

tepals pale brown or darker, oblong-lanceolate, 3–5 mm, outer and inner series nearly equal;

stamens 6, filaments 2.5–4 mm, anthers 0.6–1 mm;

styles 0.5–0.8 mm.

tepals green to straw-colored, often red-tinted, lanceolate-subulate, apex acuminate;

outer tepals 2.5–3.8 mm;

inner tepals 2–3.2 mm;

stamens 3, anthers 1/4–1/2 filament length.

Capsules

tan, pseudo-3-locular, 3-gonous–cylindric, apex obtuse, mucronate.

included, chestnut brown, 1-locular, obconic or ovoid, 1.8–2.7 mm, apex obtuse, valves separating at dehiscence, fertile throughout or only proximal to middle.

Seeds

tan or darker, fusiform, body 0.5–1 mm, tails 0.6–1 mm.

ellipsoid to oblique-oblong, 0.3–0.4 mm, not tailed;

cody clear to yellow-brown.

2n

= 44.

Juncus triglumis

Juncus brachycarpus

Phenology Fruiting mid summer–fall.
Habitat Damp clayey, peaty, or sandy soils, swamps, ditches, ponds, wet woods, wet prairies
Elevation 0–500 m (0–1600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; CO; ID; MT; NM; OR; UT; WY; AB; BC; MB; NT; NU; ON; QC; SK; YT; Eurasia
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; ON
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 3 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Most proximal bracts of inflorescence obtuse to mucronate, usually much shorter than inflorescence; capsules well exserted from perianth, 4.5–7 mm, apex conic or rounded proximal to persistent style
var. triglumis
1. Most proximal bracts of infloresecence equal to or longer than inflorescence, apex long acuminate or awned; capsules included or barely exserted from perianth, 3–5 mm, apex nearly truncate proximal to persistent style
var. albescens
Source FNA vol. 22. FNA vol. 22.
Parent taxa Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Alpini Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Septati
Sibling taxa
J. acuminatus, J. acutiflorus, J. acutus, J. alpinoarticulatus, J. anthelatus, J. arcticus, J. articulatus, J. biglumis, J. bolanderi, J. brachycarpus, J. brachycephalus, J. brachyphyllus, J. brevicaudatus, J. bryoides, J. bufonius, J. bulbosus, J. caesariensis, J. canadensis, J. capillaris, J. capitatus, J. castaneus, J. chlorocephalus, J. compressus, J. confusus, J. cooperi, J. coriaceus, J. covillei, J. debilis, J. dichotomus, J. diffusissimus, J. drummondii, J. dubius, J. dudleyi, J. effusus, J. elliottii, J. ensifolius, J. falcatus, J. filiformis, J. filipendulus, J. georgianus, J. gerardii, J. greenei, J. gymnocarpus, J. hallii, J. hemiendytus, J. howellii, J. inflexus, J. interior, J. kelloggii, J. leiospermus, J. lesueurii, J. longistylis, J. luciensis, J. macrandrus, J. macrophyllus, J. marginatus, J. maritimus, J. megacephalus, J. mertensianus, J. militaris, J. nevadensis, J. nodatus, J. nodosus, J. occidentalis, J. orthophyllus, J. oxymeris, J. parryi, J. patens, J. pelocarpus, J. pervetus, J. phaeocephalus, J. polycephalus, J. regelii, J. repens, J. roemerianus, J. scirpoides, J. secundus, J. squarrosus, J. stygius, J. subcaudatus, J. subtilis, J. supiniformis, J. tenuis, J. texanus, J. textilis, J. tiehmii, J. torreyi, J. trifidus, J. triformis, J. trigonocarpus, J. uncialis, J. validus, J. vaseyi, J. xiphioides
J. acuminatus, J. acutiflorus, J. acutus, J. alpinoarticulatus, J. anthelatus, J. arcticus, J. articulatus, J. biglumis, J. bolanderi, J. brachycephalus, J. brachyphyllus, J. brevicaudatus, J. bryoides, J. bufonius, J. bulbosus, J. caesariensis, J. canadensis, J. capillaris, J. capitatus, J. castaneus, J. chlorocephalus, J. compressus, J. confusus, J. cooperi, J. coriaceus, J. covillei, J. debilis, J. dichotomus, J. diffusissimus, J. drummondii, J. dubius, J. dudleyi, J. effusus, J. elliottii, J. ensifolius, J. falcatus, J. filiformis, J. filipendulus, J. georgianus, J. gerardii, J. greenei, J. gymnocarpus, J. hallii, J. hemiendytus, J. howellii, J. inflexus, J. interior, J. kelloggii, J. leiospermus, J. lesueurii, J. longistylis, J. luciensis, J. macrandrus, J. macrophyllus, J. marginatus, J. maritimus, J. megacephalus, J. mertensianus, J. militaris, J. nevadensis, J. nodatus, J. nodosus, J. occidentalis, J. orthophyllus, J. oxymeris, J. parryi, J. patens, J. pelocarpus, J. pervetus, J. phaeocephalus, J. polycephalus, J. regelii, J. repens, J. roemerianus, J. scirpoides, J. secundus, J. squarrosus, J. stygius, J. subcaudatus, J. subtilis, J. supiniformis, J. tenuis, J. texanus, J. textilis, J. tiehmii, J. torreyi, J. trifidus, J. triformis, J. triglumis, J. trigonocarpus, J. uncialis, J. validus, J. vaseyi, J. xiphioides
Subordinate taxa
J. triglumis var. albescens, J. triglumis var. triglumis
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 328. (1753) Engelmann: in A. Gray, Manual of Botany of the Northern United States (ed. 5) 542. (1867)
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