Juncus textilis |
Juncus canadensis |
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basket rush, mat or basket rush |
Canada rush, Canadian rush |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, 10–20 dm. | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, 3–10 dm. |
Rhizomes | long- creeping. |
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Culms | erect, 2–5 mm diam. |
erect, 1–5 mm diam., smooth. |
Cataphylls | several. |
0 or 1–2, straw-colored, apex rounded. |
Leaves | blade absent. |
basal 1, cauline 2–3; auricles 1–1.2 mm, apex rounded, scarious; blade terete, 7–22 cm × 1.2–3 mm. |
Inflorescences | lateral, many flowered, loose; primary bract barely exceeding to many times longer than inflorescence. |
panicles or racemes of 3–50 heads, 2–20 cm, branches erect to ascending; primary bract erect; heads 5–50-flowered, obconic to spheric, 3–10 mm diam. |
Flowers | variously pedicellate; bracteoles membranous; tepals greenish to pale brown, lanceolate, 3.5–5 mm; inner series loosely subtending capsule at maturity, usually slightly shorter, margins scarious to clear, acutish; stamens 6, filaments 0.3–0.9 mm, anthers 1–2.5 mm; style 1–1.5 mm. |
tepals green or straw-colored to reddish brown, lanceolate; outer tepals 2.7–3.8 mm, apex acuminate; inner tepals 2.9–4 mm, apex acuminate; stamens 3(–6), anthers 1/2 filament length. |
Capsules | dark brown, 3-locular, oblate to narrowly ovoid, 3–4 mm, nearly equal to perianth. |
equaling perianth or exserted, chestnut brown, imperfectly 3-locular, lanceoloid, 3.3–4.5 mm, acute proximal to beak, valves separating at dehiscence. |
Seeds | dark amber, oblate to ellipsoid, 0.5–0.8 mm. |
fusiform, 1.1–1.9 mm, tailed; body covered with whitish translucent veil. |
2n | = 80. |
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Juncus textilis |
Juncus canadensis |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting summer. | Fruiting mid summer–fall. |
Habitat | Moist or wet exposed areas | Salt, brackish, and calcareous marshes, acid bogs, roadsides, tidal flats, swamps, patterned fen, lake shores, beaches |
Elevation | 100–1800 m (300–5900 ft) | 0–200 m (0–700 ft) |
Distribution |
CA
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AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM
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Discussion | Two varieties and two forms occurring within the flora have been recognized (M. L. Fernald 1945b). Juncus canadensis var. sparsiflorus has stiffly erect inflorescence branches, and the flowers are generally longer than those of var. canadensis. These varieties simply serve to give name to parts of the broad morphologic range of variation encountered in J. canadensis and do not appear to represent any distinct biological entities. Juncus canadensis and the following three species form a distinctive group: they have ve been variously treated as speecies (as here), varieties of J. canadensis, or as two species, J. canadensis and a polymorphic species, J. brachysephalus, encompassing the other three species (B. Boivin 1967–1979, part IV). Most of the species are easily recognized at their extremes but show a fair amount of overlap. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | J. lesueurii var. elatus | J. canadensis var. longicaudatus, J. canadensis var. sparsiflorus, J. longicaudatus, J. polycephalus var. paradoxus |
Name authority | Buchenau: Abhandlungen herausgegeben vom naturwissenschaftlichen Vereine zu Bremen 17: 336. (1903) | J. Gay ex Laharpe: in J. J. C. de Laharpe, Essai Monogr. Jonc. 46. (1825) |
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