Juncus textilis |
Juncus bufonius |
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basket rush, mat or basket rush |
common toad rush, toad rush |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, 10–20 dm. | Herbs, annual, cespitose, 0.5–4 dm. |
Rhizomes | long- creeping. |
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Culms | erect, 2–5 mm diam. |
1–many, occasionally becoming decumbent. |
Cataphylls | several. |
0–2. |
Leaves | blade absent. |
basal and cauline; auricles rudimentary or absent; blade flat, 3–13 cm × 0.3–1.1 mm. |
Inflorescences | lateral, many flowered, loose; primary bract barely exceeding to many times longer than inflorescence. |
loose and diffuse or less often compact, usually at least ½1/2 total height of plant; primary bract shorter than inflorescence. |
Flowers | variously pedicellate; bracteoles membranous; tepals greenish to pale brown, lanceolate, 3.5–5 mm; inner series loosely subtending capsule at maturity, usually slightly shorter, margins scarious to clear, acutish; stamens 6, filaments 0.3–0.9 mm, anthers 1–2.5 mm; style 1–1.5 mm. |
bracteoles 2; tepals greenish, lanceolate, 3.8–7(–8.5) mm; inner series slightly shorter, apex sometimes obtuse; stamens 3–6, filaments (0.7–)1–1.8 mm, anthers 0.3–0.8 mm; style 0.1–0.2 mm. |
Capsules | dark brown, 3-locular, oblate to narrowly ovoid, 3–4 mm, nearly equal to perianth. |
tan to reddish brown, 3-locular, ellipsoid to narrowly so, slightly truncate, 2.7–4 × 1–1.5 mm, sometimes exceeding inner tepals but usually not outer series. |
Seeds | dark amber, oblate to ellipsoid, 0.5–0.8 mm. |
yellowish, widely ellipsoid to ovoid, 0.26–0.49, not tailed. |
2n | = 27–37, 58–81, 108–115. |
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Juncus textilis |
Juncus bufonius |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting summer. | Flowering and fruiting spring–early fall. |
Habitat | Moist or wet exposed areas | Moist soils in meadows, along lakeshores or stream banks, ditches, or roadsides, especially frequent in drawdown areas, usually in open sites and often becoming weedy |
Elevation | 100–1800 m (300–5900 ft) | |
Distribution |
CA
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AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Greenland; nearly worldwide
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Discussion | Nearly worldwide, Juncus bufonius is found essentially throughout North America except north of the Alaskan and Canadian tTaiga. Juncus bufonius is a highly polymorphic complex that is poorly understood systematically. Insufficient evidence exists upon which to base the segregation of the plethora of taxa that have been recognized out of this group in the past. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | J. lesueurii var. elatus | J. bufonius var. congestus, J. bufonius var. halophilus, J. bufonius var. hybridus, J. bufonius var. occidentalis, J. bufonius var. ranarius, J. congestus, J. ranarius |
Name authority | Buchenau: Abhandlungen herausgegeben vom naturwissenschaftlichen Vereine zu Bremen 17: 336. (1903) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 328. (1753) |
Web links |
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