Juncus tenuis |
Juncus megacephalus |
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path rush, poverty or slender rush, poverty rush, slender rush |
bighead rush |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, tufted, 1.5–5 dm. | Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous, 3–11 dm. |
Rhizomes | densely branching. |
3–4 diam. |
Culms | few–20. |
erect, terete, 3–4 mm diam., smooth. |
Cataphylls | 1–2, purple, apex acute. |
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Leaves | basal, (1–)2–3; auricles 2–5 mm, apex acute, membranous; blade flat, 3–12 cm × 0.5–1 mm, margins entire. |
basal 0–1, cauline 2–3; auricles 0.5–2 mm, apex acute, membranaceous; blade terete, 0–24 cm × 0.5–1.7 mm, most distal cauline leaf blade 0–2 cm, shorter than sheath. |
Inflorescences | 5–40-flowered, borne congested or branch internodes ca. as long as tepals, ssomewhat loose, 1–5 cm; primary bract usually longer than inflorescence. |
panicles of (1–)3–21 heads, 1–8 cm, branches erect to spreading; primary bract erect; heads 40–60-flowered, spheric, 8–12 mm diam. |
Flowers | bracteoles 2; tepals greenish, lanceolate, 3.3–4.4 mm; outer and inner series nearly equal; stamens 6, filaments 0.5–0.9 mm, anthers 0.1–0.2 mm; style 0.1–0.2 mm. |
tepals straw-colored to reddish brown, lanceolate-subulate; outer tepals 2.9–4.1 mm, apex acuminate; inner tepals 2.2–3.7 mm, apex acuminate; stamens 3, anthers 1/4–1/2 filament length. |
Capsules | tan or light brown, 1-locular to pseudo-3-locular, ellipsoid, (3.3–)3.8–4.7 × (1.1–)1.3–1.7 mm, nearly equal to tepals. |
exserted, , straw-colorerd, 1-locular, subulate, 2.5–4.2 mm, apex tapering to subulate beak, valves not separat ing at dehiscence, fertile throughout or only proximal to middle. |
Seeds | tan, ellipsoid to lunate, (0.52–)5.5–0.65(–0.7) mm, not tailed. |
ellipsoid to ovoid, 0.4 mm, not tailed; body clear yellow-brown. |
2n | = 80. |
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Juncus tenuis |
Juncus megacephalus |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–early summer. | Fruiting summer. |
Habitat | Exposed or shaded sites in soils ranging from sandy to clayey under moist or drier conditions, oftentimes these sites naturally or otherwise disturbed (e.g., game or human trails) | Fresh marshes, moist hollows of sand dunes, swales, roadside ditches, and dry fertile soil |
Elevation | 0–100 m (0–300 ft) | |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK [Introduced worldwide]
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AL; FL; GA; LA; MD; MS; NC; SC; TX; VA
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Discussion | Juncus tenuis occurs throughout North America. It is particularly abundant in northeastern United States and eastern Canada, although infrequent in the south and west. Through the use of isozyme electrophoresis, hybridization can be demonstrated between various members of the Juncus tenuis complex, including Juncus tenuis, J. anthelatus, J. interior, J. secundus, and J. dichotomus (R. E. Brooks, unpubl.). Juncus ××oronensis is thought to be a hybrid between J. tenuis and J. vaseyi in the northeast. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Poiophylli | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Septati |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | J. bicornis, J. bicornis var. williamsii, J. macer, J. macer, J. macer var. williamsii, J. tenuis var. bicornis, J. tenuis var. multicornis, J. tenuis var. williamsii | J. scirpoides var. carolinianus, J. scirpoides var. echinatus |
Name authority | Willdenow: Sp. Pl. 2(1): 214. (1799) | M. A. Curtis: Boston J. Nat. Hist. 1: 132. (1835) |
Web links |
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