Juncus tenuis |
Juncus brachycarpus |
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path rush, poverty or slender rush, poverty rush, slender rush |
short-fruit rush, white-root rush |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, tufted, 1.5–5 dm. | Herbs, perennial, not cespitose, rhizomatous, (3–)4.5–8(–9) dm. |
Rhizomes | densely branching. |
tuberous, 3–4 mm diam. |
Culms | few–20. |
erect, terete, 2–3 mm diam., smooth. |
Cataphylls | 0(–1), straw-colored, apex acute. |
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Leaves | basal, (1–)2–3; auricles 2–5 mm, apex acute, membranous; blade flat, 3–12 cm × 0.5–1 mm, margins entire. |
basal 1–2, cauline 2–4, auricles 0.5–3.5 mm, apex rounded, scarious; blade green to straw-colored, terete, 3–50 cm × 1–2 mm diam. |
Inflorescences | 5–40-flowered, borne congested or branch internodes ca. as long as tepals, ssomewhat loose, 1–5 cm; primary bract usually longer than inflorescence. |
terminal panicles of 2–10(–20) heads or a single head, 1–4(–10) cm, branches ascending; primary bract erect; heads 30–100-flowered, spheric, 8–10 mm diam. |
Flowers | bracteoles 2; tepals greenish, lanceolate, 3.3–4.4 mm; outer and inner series nearly equal; stamens 6, filaments 0.5–0.9 mm, anthers 0.1–0.2 mm; style 0.1–0.2 mm. |
tepals green to straw-colored, often red-tinted, lanceolate-subulate, apex acuminate; outer tepals 2.5–3.8 mm; inner tepals 2–3.2 mm; stamens 3, anthers 1/4–1/2 filament length. |
Capsules | tan or light brown, 1-locular to pseudo-3-locular, ellipsoid, (3.3–)3.8–4.7 × (1.1–)1.3–1.7 mm, nearly equal to tepals. |
included, chestnut brown, 1-locular, obconic or ovoid, 1.8–2.7 mm, apex obtuse, valves separating at dehiscence, fertile throughout or only proximal to middle. |
Seeds | tan, ellipsoid to lunate, (0.52–)5.5–0.65(–0.7) mm, not tailed. |
ellipsoid to oblique-oblong, 0.3–0.4 mm, not tailed; cody clear to yellow-brown. |
2n | = 80. |
= 44. |
Juncus tenuis |
Juncus brachycarpus |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–early summer. | Fruiting mid summer–fall. |
Habitat | Exposed or shaded sites in soils ranging from sandy to clayey under moist or drier conditions, oftentimes these sites naturally or otherwise disturbed (e.g., game or human trails) | Damp clayey, peaty, or sandy soils, swamps, ditches, ponds, wet woods, wet prairies |
Elevation | 0–500 m (0–1600 ft) | |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK [Introduced worldwide]
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AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; ON
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Discussion | Juncus tenuis occurs throughout North America. It is particularly abundant in northeastern United States and eastern Canada, although infrequent in the south and west. Through the use of isozyme electrophoresis, hybridization can be demonstrated between various members of the Juncus tenuis complex, including Juncus tenuis, J. anthelatus, J. interior, J. secundus, and J. dichotomus (R. E. Brooks, unpubl.). Juncus ××oronensis is thought to be a hybrid between J. tenuis and J. vaseyi in the northeast. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Poiophylli | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Septati |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | J. bicornis, J. bicornis var. williamsii, J. macer, J. macer, J. macer var. williamsii, J. tenuis var. bicornis, J. tenuis var. multicornis, J. tenuis var. williamsii | |
Name authority | Willdenow: Sp. Pl. 2(1): 214. (1799) | Engelmann: in A. Gray, Manual of Botany of the Northern United States (ed. 5) 542. (1867) |
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