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leopold's rush, sharp rush, wire grass

Habit Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous. Herbs, perennial, robust, tufted, often forming clumps to 1 m diam., 6–12 dm.
Culms

3–4 mm diam.

Stems

terete.

Cataphylls

1–2.

Leaves

basal;

blade terete, not septate.

basal, 2–4;

sheaths brownish, inflated;

auricles absent or prolonged 1–3 mm, cartilaginous;

blade terete, 30–100 dcm × 2–3 mm.

Inflorescences

terminal (sometimes appearing lateral) panicles of few to many heads, sympodial;

bracteoles absent proximal to perianth.

sympodial or appearing lateral, glomerules numerous, each with 2–5 flowers, branches unequal, 5–20 cm;

primary bract inflated, usually shorter than inflorescence.

Flowers

in few-flowered heads.

tepals straw-colored, brown-tipped, 2–4 mm;

outer tepals widely lanceolate, margins scarious, apex obtuse to acutish;

inner tepals rounded, shorter;

stamens 6, filaments 0.2–0.4 mm, anthers 1.2–1.8 mm;

style 1–1.2 mm.

Capsules

3-locular or pseudo-3-locular.

yellow-brown, pseudo-3-locular, nearly globose, 3.5–5 × 2.4–3.3 mm, obviously exceeding perianth, mucronate.

Seeds

usually tailed (not tailed in J. roemerianus).

brownish, obliquely obovoid, body 0.6–0.7 mm, tails 0.2–0.3 mm.

Juncus subg. Juncus

Juncus acutus subsp. leopoldii

Phenology Flowering and fruiting late spring–summer.
Habitat Moist saline habitats and alkaline seeps
Elevation below 300 m (below 1000 ft)
Distribution
Worldwide; coastal in North America
from FNA
AZ; CA; NV; South America; Mexico (Baja California); South Africa; Atlantic Islands
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Species 9 (4 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Capsules 3.5–5 mm; plants of sw United States.
→ 2
1. Capsules less than 3.5 mm, shorter than or nearly equal to perianth; plants of ne United States Atlantic Coast.
→ 3
2. Capsules nearly globose, obviously longer than perianth
J. acutus subsp. leopoldii
2. Capsules ellipsoid, nearly equal to or shorter than perianth
J. cooperi
3. Capsules nearly equal to perianth; seeds tailed
J. maritimus
3. Capsules distinctly shorter than perianth; seed not tailed
J. roemerianus
Source FNA vol. 22. FNA vol. 22.
Parent taxa Juncaceae > Juncus Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Juncus > Juncus acutus
Subordinate taxa
J. acutus subsp. leopoldii, J. cooperi, J. maritimus, J. roemerianus
Synonyms J. section Acuti, J. section Juncastrum, J. section Maritimi, J. section Thalassii, J. subg. Juncastrum, J. subg. Thalassii J. leopoldii, J. acutus var. sphaerocarpus, J. acutus var. sphaerocarpus, J. robusta
Name authority unknown (Parlatore) Snogerup: Bot. Not. 131: 187. (1978)
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