Juncus polycephalus |
Juncus brachycarpus |
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flatleaf rush, manyhead rush |
short-fruit rush, white-root rush |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, 6–10 dm. | Herbs, perennial, not cespitose, rhizomatous, (3–)4.5–8(–9) dm. |
Rhizomes | tuberous, 3–4 mm diam. |
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Culms | erect, 3–14 mm diam. |
erect, terete, 2–3 mm diam., smooth. |
Cataphylls | absent. |
0(–1), straw-colored, apex acute. |
Leaves | basal 2–3(–6), cauline 1–4, brownish green; auricles absent; blade 8–70 cm × 4–8 mm. |
basal 1–2, cauline 2–4, auricles 0.5–3.5 mm, apex rounded, scarious; blade green to straw-colored, terete, 3–50 cm × 1–2 mm diam. |
Inflorescences | panicles of 16–82 heads, 10–30 cm; primary bract erect; heads 20–30-flowered, spheric, 8–12 mm diam. |
terminal panicles of 2–10(–20) heads or a single head, 1–4(–10) cm, branches ascending; primary bract erect; heads 30–100-flowered, spheric, 8–10 mm diam. |
Flowers | tepals green to reddish, lance-subulate, 3–4 mm, nearly equal, apex acuminate; stamens 3, anthers 1/3–1/2 length of filaments. |
tepals green to straw-colored, often red-tinted, lanceolate-subulate, apex acuminate; outer tepals 2.5–3.8 mm; inner tepals 2–3.2 mm; stamens 3, anthers 1/4–1/2 filament length. |
Capsules | exserted, straw-colored, 1-locular, narrowly ovoid, 4–5 mm, apex tapering to beak, remaining after dehiscence. |
included, chestnut brown, 1-locular, obconic or ovoid, 1.8–2.7 mm, apex obtuse, valves separating at dehiscence, fertile throughout or only proximal to middle. |
Seeds | lance-ellipsoid, 0.5–0.6 mm, not tailed. |
ellipsoid to oblique-oblong, 0.3–0.4 mm, not tailed; cody clear to yellow-brown. |
2n | = 44. |
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Juncus polycephalus |
Juncus brachycarpus |
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Phenology | Fruiting spring–fall. | Fruiting mid summer–fall. |
Habitat | Wet or seasonally wet shores, depressions, occasionally in fairly deep water of streams, usually with a peaty or mucky substrate, occasionally sandy to gravelly | Damp clayey, peaty, or sandy soils, swamps, ditches, ponds, wet woods, wet prairies |
Elevation | 0–100 m (0–300 ft) | 0–500 m (0–1600 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; LA; MD; MS; NC; SC; TX
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AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; ON
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Ensifolii | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Septati |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | J. echinatus, J. engelmannii | |
Name authority | Michaux: Flora Boreali-Americana 1: 192. 1803 (as polycephalos) | Engelmann: in A. Gray, Manual of Botany of the Northern United States (ed. 5) 542. (1867) |
Web links |
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