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bayonet rush, jointed bog rush

Bolander's rush

Habit Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous, 3–15 dm. Herbs, perennial, not cespitose, rhizomatous, 2.5–8.5 dm.
Rhizomes

3–4 diam., nodes not swollen, smooth. (often developing filiform leaves in running water).

2–3 mm, tuberous.

Culms

erect, terete to compressed, 5–12 mm diam.

erect, terete, 1–3 mm diam., smooth.

Cataphylls

1–3, straw-colored to pink, apex acute.

1–2, straw-colored, apex acute.

Leaves

basal 0, cauline 2, long capillary leaves often found in fascicles on rhizomes;

auricles 0.3–0.5 mm, apex rounded, scarious;

blade terete, 50–70(–100) cm × 2–5 mm, those of proximal leaves usually overtopping inflorescences, distal leaves usually inflated bladeless sheaths, occasionally absent or withll well-developed blades.

basal 0–1, cauline 2–3, auricles 2–3 mm, apex acute, membranaceous;

blade green to straw-colored, terete, 7–28 cm × 1–2 mm.

Inflorescences

terminal panicles of 20–100 heads, 4–15 cm, branches erect to ascending;

primary bract erect;

heads (3–)5–13(–25)-flowered, hemispheric to turbinate, 6–8 mm diam.

terminal racemes of 1–8 heads or single head, 1–13 cm, branches ascending to spreading;

primary bract erect;

heads 40–70-flowered, spheric, 7–11 mm diam.

Flowers

tepals straw-colored or reddish, lanceolate, 2.3–3.2(–4) mm, nearly equal, apex acuminate to awned;

stamens 6, anthers 1.5–2 times filament length.

tepals dark reddish brown to light brown, lance-subulate, (2.6–)3–3.5(–4) mm, apex acuminate;

stamens 3, anthers 1/4 filament length.

Capsules

straw-colored, 1-locular, ovoid, 2.3–3.3 mm, equaling perianth, tapering to subulate tip, valves separating at dehiscence.

equaling perianth or slightly included, chestnut brown, 1-locular, ellipsoid to oblong, 3–3.5 mm, apex acuminate, valves separating at dehiscence, fertile throughout or only proximal to middle.

Seeds

obovoid, 0.5–0.6 mm, not tailed;

body clear yellow-brown.

oblong, 0.4–0.5 mm, not tailed;

body clear yellow-brown.

Juncus militaris

Juncus bolanderi

Phenology Fruiting late summer–fall. Fruiting late spring–summer.
Habitat Mucky bottoms of shallow lakes and rivers, wet shores Swamps, marshes, stream banks, beaches, roadside meadows, and other moist or wet areas
Elevation 0–500 m (0–1600 ft) 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CT; DE; IN; MA; MD; ME; MI; NH; NJ; NY; PA; RI; VT; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; SPM
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; ID; OR; WA; BC; nw Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

The proximal culm leaf of Juncus militaris usually has a single well-developed leaf blade that overtops the inflorescence; and the distal leaf usually is an inflated bladeless sheath above it. An Alabama report, based on a single specimen collected by Drummond (not seen), at GH and MO, was discounted by Coville (and here). Coville believed the location and possibly the collector were wrongly attributed to this collection (see letter from Coville to Small at NY).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 22. FNA vol. 22.
Parent taxa Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Septati Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Septati
Sibling taxa
J. acuminatus, J. acutiflorus, J. acutus, J. alpinoarticulatus, J. anthelatus, J. arcticus, J. articulatus, J. biglumis, J. bolanderi, J. brachycarpus, J. brachycephalus, J. brachyphyllus, J. brevicaudatus, J. bryoides, J. bufonius, J. bulbosus, J. caesariensis, J. canadensis, J. capillaris, J. capitatus, J. castaneus, J. chlorocephalus, J. compressus, J. confusus, J. cooperi, J. coriaceus, J. covillei, J. debilis, J. dichotomus, J. diffusissimus, J. drummondii, J. dubius, J. dudleyi, J. effusus, J. elliottii, J. ensifolius, J. falcatus, J. filiformis, J. filipendulus, J. georgianus, J. gerardii, J. greenei, J. gymnocarpus, J. hallii, J. hemiendytus, J. howellii, J. inflexus, J. interior, J. kelloggii, J. leiospermus, J. lesueurii, J. longistylis, J. luciensis, J. macrandrus, J. macrophyllus, J. marginatus, J. maritimus, J. megacephalus, J. mertensianus, J. nevadensis, J. nodatus, J. nodosus, J. occidentalis, J. orthophyllus, J. oxymeris, J. parryi, J. patens, J. pelocarpus, J. pervetus, J. phaeocephalus, J. polycephalus, J. regelii, J. repens, J. roemerianus, J. scirpoides, J. secundus, J. squarrosus, J. stygius, J. subcaudatus, J. subtilis, J. supiniformis, J. tenuis, J. texanus, J. textilis, J. tiehmii, J. torreyi, J. trifidus, J. triformis, J. triglumis, J. trigonocarpus, J. uncialis, J. validus, J. vaseyi, J. xiphioides
J. acuminatus, J. acutiflorus, J. acutus, J. alpinoarticulatus, J. anthelatus, J. arcticus, J. articulatus, J. biglumis, J. brachycarpus, J. brachycephalus, J. brachyphyllus, J. brevicaudatus, J. bryoides, J. bufonius, J. bulbosus, J. caesariensis, J. canadensis, J. capillaris, J. capitatus, J. castaneus, J. chlorocephalus, J. compressus, J. confusus, J. cooperi, J. coriaceus, J. covillei, J. debilis, J. dichotomus, J. diffusissimus, J. drummondii, J. dubius, J. dudleyi, J. effusus, J. elliottii, J. ensifolius, J. falcatus, J. filiformis, J. filipendulus, J. georgianus, J. gerardii, J. greenei, J. gymnocarpus, J. hallii, J. hemiendytus, J. howellii, J. inflexus, J. interior, J. kelloggii, J. leiospermus, J. lesueurii, J. longistylis, J. luciensis, J. macrandrus, J. macrophyllus, J. marginatus, J. maritimus, J. megacephalus, J. mertensianus, J. militaris, J. nevadensis, J. nodatus, J. nodosus, J. occidentalis, J. orthophyllus, J. oxymeris, J. parryi, J. patens, J. pelocarpus, J. pervetus, J. phaeocephalus, J. polycephalus, J. regelii, J. repens, J. roemerianus, J. scirpoides, J. secundus, J. squarrosus, J. stygius, J. subcaudatus, J. subtilis, J. supiniformis, J. tenuis, J. texanus, J. textilis, J. tiehmii, J. torreyi, J. trifidus, J. triformis, J. triglumis, J. trigonocarpus, J. uncialis, J. validus, J. vaseyi, J. xiphioides
Synonyms J. bolanderi var. riparius
Name authority Bigelow: Flora Bostoniensis, 2nd Ed. 139. (1824) Engelmann
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