Juncus militaris |
Juncus biglumis |
|
---|---|---|
bayonet rush, jointed bog rush |
two-flower rush, two-glumed rush |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous, 3–15 dm. | Herbs, perennial, loosely cespitose, 0.25–1.6 dm. |
Rhizomes | 3–4 diam., nodes not swollen, smooth. (often developing filiform leaves in running water). |
|
Culms | erect, terete to compressed, 5–12 mm diam. |
nearly terete. |
Cataphylls | 1–3, straw-colored to pink, apex acute. |
2–4. |
Leaves | basal 0, cauline 2, long capillary leaves often found in fascicles on rhizomes; auricles 0.3–0.5 mm, apex rounded, scarious; blade terete, 50–70(–100) cm × 2–5 mm, those of proximal leaves usually overtopping inflorescences, distal leaves usually inflated bladeless sheaths, occasionally absent or withll well-developed blades. |
basal, 1–4; sheaths loose; auricles absent or rounded, 0.5 mm; blade imperfectly septate, ascending, nearly terete, 2–7 cm × 0.5–1.5 mm. |
Inflorescences | terminal panicles of 20–100 heads, 4–15 cm, branches erect to ascending; primary bract erect; heads (3–)5–13(–25)-flowered, hemispheric to turbinate, 6–8 mm diam. |
heads, 1–2(–4)-flowered; primary bracts much longer than inflorescence. |
Flowers | tepals straw-colored or reddish, lanceolate, 2.3–3.2(–4) mm, nearly equal, apex acuminate to awned; stamens 6, anthers 1.5–2 times filament length. |
tepals brown to blackish, oblong, 2.5–4 mm, apex obtuse; outer and inner series nearly equal; stamens 6, filaments 1–1.5 mm, anthers 0.5–0.7 mm; style deciduous, 0.3–0.4 mm. |
Capsules | straw-colored, 1-locular, ovoid, 2.3–3.3 mm, equaling perianth, tapering to subulate tip, valves separating at dehiscence. |
pale with dark purplish valve margins, pseudo-3-locular, oblate to narrowly ovoid, 4–5.5 × 1.7–2.3 mm, exceeding perianth, apex retuse. |
Seeds | obovoid, 0.5–0.6 mm, not tailed; body clear yellow-brown. |
yellowish tan, fusiform-ovoid, 0.7–0.9 mm, short tailed. |
2n | = 120. |
|
Juncus militaris |
Juncus biglumis |
|
Phenology | Fruiting late summer–fall. | Flowering and fruiting summer. |
Habitat | Mucky bottoms of shallow lakes and rivers, wet shores | Wet tundra and mossy margins of ponds and streams, wet gravel and open, rocky slopes in alpine zones |
Elevation | 0–500 m (0–1600 ft) | 10–3400 m (0–11200 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; DE; IN; MA; MD; ME; MI; NH; NJ; NY; PA; RI; VT; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; SPM
|
AK; CO; MT; WY; AB; BC; LB; MB; NT; NU; ON; QC; YT; Greenland; n Europe; Asia |
Discussion | The proximal culm leaf of Juncus militaris usually has a single well-developed leaf blade that overtops the inflorescence; and the distal leaf usually is an inflated bladeless sheath above it. An Alabama report, based on a single specimen collected by Drummond (not seen), at GH and MO, was discounted by Coville (and here). Coville believed the location and possibly the collector were wrongly attributed to this collection (see letter from Coville to Small at NY). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Septati | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Alpini |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Bigelow: Flora Bostoniensis, 2nd Ed. 139. (1824) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 328. (1753) |
Web links |