Juncus gerardii |
Juncus torreyi |
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black needle rush, blackgrass, blackgrass rush, Gerard's rush, saltmarsh rush, saltmeadow rush |
Torrey's rush |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, 2–9 dm. | Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous, (3–)4–10 dm. |
Rhizomes | long- creeping. |
1–3 mm diam., with swollen nodes. |
Culms | erect, terete, 3–5 mm diam., smooth. |
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Cataphylls | 1–3. |
0. |
Leaves | basal, (1–)2–4; auricles 0.4–0.6(–0.8) mm, scarious; blade flat or somewhat channeled, 10–40 cm × 0.4–0.7 mm, margins entire. |
basal 1–3, cauline 2–5, auricles 1–4 mm, apex rounded, scarious; blade strawberry-colored, green, or pink, terete, 13–30 cm × 1–5 mm. |
Inflorescences | 10–30(–80)-flowered, usually loose and somewhat lax, 2–16 cm; primary bract rarely surpassing inflorescence. |
terminal clusters of 1–23 heads or single heads, 2–5.5 cm, branches spreading; primary bract erect to ascending; heads 25–100-flowered, globose, 10–15 mm diam. |
Flowers | bracteoles 2; tepals dark brown or blackish, lanceolate-ovate to oblong, 2.6–3.2(–3.8) mm; inner and outer series nearly equal, apex obtuse; stamens 6, filaments 0.4–0.7 mm, anthers 1.1–1.6(–1.8) mm; style 0.4 mm. |
tepals green to straw-colored, occasionally reddish, lanceolate-subulate; outer tepals (3.7–)4–6 mm, apex acuminate; inner tepals (3–) 3.4–4.6 mm, apex acuminate; stamens 6, anthers 1/2 filament length. |
Capsules | chestnut brown or brown, 3-locular, widely ellipsoid, (2.2–)2.5–3.2(–3.5) × 1.3–1.9 mm. |
equaling perianth or slightly exserted, straw-colored or chestnut brown, 1-locular, lance-subulate, 4.3–5.7 mm, apex tapering to subulate tip, valves separating at dehiscence, fertile throughout or only proximal to middle. |
Seeds | dark brown, ellipsoid to lunate, 0.485–0.6(–0.67) mm, not tailed. |
oblong to ellipsoid, 0.4–0.5 mm, not tailed; body clear yellow-brown. |
2n | = ca. 80, 84. |
= 40. |
Juncus gerardii |
Juncus torreyi |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting late spring–summer. | Fruiting early summer–fall. |
Habitat | Forming extensive colonies in exposed coastal estuary meadows and salt marshes just above high- tide line, also inland | Wet sandy shores, edges of sloughs, along slightly alkaline watercourses, swamps, sometimes on clay soils, calcareous wet meadows, and alkaline soils |
Elevation | 0–600 | |
Distribution |
CO; CT; DE; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; OR; PA; RI; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM; Greenland; Europe; Asia
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AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; ON; QC; SK; Mexico (Baja California, probably elsewhere in n Mexico)
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Poiophylli | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Septati |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | J. bulbosus var. gerardii, J. fucensis, J. gerardii var. pedicellatus | J. nodosus var. megacephalus, J.uncus megacephalus, J.uncus nodosus var. megacephalus, J.uncus megacephalus |
Name authority | Loiseleur-Deslongchamps: J. Bot. (Desvaux) 2: 284. (1809) | Coville: Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 22:303. (1895) |
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