Juncus gerardii |
Juncus subcaudatus |
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black needle rush, blackgrass, blackgrass rush, Gerard's rush, saltmarsh rush, saltmeadow rush |
somewhat-tail rush, woodland rush |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, 2–9 dm. | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, 1.5–6 dm. |
Rhizomes | long- creeping. |
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Culms | erect, 1–3 mm diam., smooth. |
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Cataphylls | 1–3. |
0–1, straw-colored, apex acute. |
Leaves | basal, (1–)2–4; auricles 0.4–0.6(–0.8) mm, scarious; blade flat or somewhat channeled, 10–40 cm × 0.4–0.7 mm, margins entire. |
basal 1, cauline 1–3; auricles 0.5–1 mm, apex rounded, scarious; blade terete, 4.5–15 cm × 1–2 mm. |
Inflorescences | 10–30(–80)-flowered, usually loose and somewhat lax, 2–16 cm; primary bract rarely surpassing inflorescence. |
panicles or racemes of 3–35 heads, 2–16 cm, branches widely spreading (at least the proximalmost); primary bract erect; heads 2–10(–20)-flowered, obconic to nearly spheric, 3–9 mm diam. |
Flowers | bracteoles 2; tepals dark brown or blackish, lanceolate-ovate to oblong, 2.6–3.2(–3.8) mm; inner and outer series nearly equal, apex obtuse; stamens 6, filaments 0.4–0.7 mm, anthers 1.1–1.6(–1.8) mm; style 0.4 mm. |
tepals greenish, becoming straw-colored, lanceolate; outer tepals 1.8–3 mm, apex acuminate; inner tepals 2–3.2 mm, apex acuminate; stamens 3, anthers 1/3 filament length. |
Capsules | chestnut brown or brown, 3-locular, widely ellipsoid, (2.2–)2.5–3.2(–3.5) × 1.3–1.9 mm. |
exserted, straw-colored, imperfectly 3-locular, ovoid to prismatic, 3–3.8 mm, apex acute proximal to beak, valves separating at dehiscence. |
Seeds | dark brown, ellipsoid to lunate, 0.485–0.6(–0.67) mm, not tailed. |
ellipsoid, 0.7–1.2 mm, tailed; body covered with whitish translucent veil. |
2n | = ca. 80, 84. |
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Juncus gerardii |
Juncus subcaudatus |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting late spring–summer. | Fruiting late summer–fall. |
Habitat | Forming extensive colonies in exposed coastal estuary meadows and salt marshes just above high- tide line, also inland | Stream banks, lake and pond shores, bogs, and other wet places |
Elevation | 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft) | |
Distribution |
CO; CT; DE; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; OR; PA; RI; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM; Greenland; Europe; Asia
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AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IL; KY; MA; MD; ME; MO; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; TN; VA; WV; NF; NS
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Poiophylli | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Septati |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | J. bulbosus var. gerardii, J. fucensis, J. gerardii var. pedicellatus | J. canadensis var. subcaudatus, J. subcaudatus var. planisepalus |
Name authority | Loiseleur-Deslongchamps: J. Bot. (Desvaux) 2: 284. (1809) | (Engelmann) Coville & S. F. Blake: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 31: 45. (1918) |
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