Juncus gerardii |
Juncus scirpoides |
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black needle rush, blackgrass, blackgrass rush, Gerard's rush, saltmarsh rush, saltmeadow rush |
needlepod rush, scirpuslike rush |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, 2–9 dm. | Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous, tosometimes nearly cespitose, 0.8–7 dm. |
Rhizomes | long- creeping. |
usually tuberous, 2–4 mm diam. |
Culms | erect, terete, 1–3 mm diam., smooth. |
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Cataphylls | 1–3. |
0–1. |
Leaves | basal, (1–)2–4; auricles 0.4–0.6(–0.8) mm, scarious; blade flat or somewhat channeled, 10–40 cm × 0.4–0.7 mm, margins entire. |
basal 1–2, cauline 2–3, green; auricles 1–2 mm, apex rounded, membranaceous; blade terete, 2–23 cm × 1–2 mm, distal cauline leaf blade 1.6–26 cm, equaling or longer than sheath. |
Inflorescences | 10–30(–80)-flowered, usually loose and somewhat lax, 2–16 cm; primary bract rarely surpassing inflorescence. |
terminal panicles of 1–23(–32) heads, 2.5–9 cm, branches ascending to erect; primary bracts erect; heads 20–60-flowered, spheric or usually lobed, 6–11 mm diam. |
Flowers | bracteoles 2; tepals dark brown or blackish, lanceolate-ovate to oblong, 2.6–3.2(–3.8) mm; inner and outer series nearly equal, apex obtuse; stamens 6, filaments 0.4–0.7 mm, anthers 1.1–1.6(–1.8) mm; style 0.4 mm. |
tepals green to straw-colored, lance-subulate, 2–3.5 mm, nearly equal, apex acuminate; stamens 3, anthers 1/3 filament length. |
Capsules | chestnut brown or brown, 3-locular, widely ellipsoid, (2.2–)2.5–3.2(–3.5) × 1.3–1.9 mm. |
exserted, straw-colored, 1-locular, lance-subulate, 3–4 mm, apex tapering, remaining attached at tip, valves not separating at dehiscence, fertile throughout or only proximal to middle. |
Seeds | dark brown, ellipsoid to lunate, 0.485–0.6(–0.67) mm, not tailed. |
oblong, 0.4 mm, not tailed; body clear yellow-brown. |
2n | = ca. 80, 84. |
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Juncus gerardii |
Juncus scirpoides |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting late spring–summer. | Fruiting early summer–fall. |
Habitat | Forming extensive colonies in exposed coastal estuary meadows and salt marshes just above high- tide line, also inland | Wet sandy soil, salt marshes, lake shores, ditches, meadows, wet woods |
Elevation | 0–1400 m (0–4600 ft) | |
Distribution |
CO; CT; DE; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; OR; PA; RI; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM; Greenland; Europe; Asia
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AL; AR; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; NY; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; WV; Va
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Poiophylli | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Septati |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | J. bulbosus var. gerardii, J. fucensis, J. gerardii var. pedicellatus | J. echinatus, J. scirpoides var. compositus, J. scirpoides var. genuinus, J. scirpoides var. macrostemon, J. scirpoides var. meridionalis |
Name authority | Loiseleur-Deslongchamps: J. Bot. (Desvaux) 2: 284. (1809) | Lamarck: in J. Lamarck et al., Encycl. 3: 267. (1789) |
Web links |
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