Juncus gerardii |
Juncus nevadensis |
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black needle rush, blackgrass, blackgrass rush, Gerard's rush, saltmarsh rush, saltmeadow rush |
Nevada rush, Sierra rush |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, 2–9 dm. | Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous, 0.5–7 dm. |
Rhizomes | long- creeping. |
1 mm diam., not swollen. |
Culms | erect, terete, 1.5–3 mm diam., smooth. |
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Cataphylls | 1–3. |
0–1, maroon or straw-colored, apex acute. |
Leaves | basal, (1–)2–4; auricles 0.4–0.6(–0.8) mm, scarious; blade flat or somewhat channeled, 10–40 cm × 0.4–0.7 mm, margins entire. |
basal 1–3, cauline 1–2; auricles 1–3.2 mm, apex rounded to acute, membranaceous; blade green, laterally flattened, 1.5–31 cm × 0.5–2.2 mm. |
Inflorescences | 10–30(–80)-flowered, usually loose and somewhat lax, 2–16 cm; primary bract rarely surpassing inflorescence. |
terminal panicles of 2–11 heads, 2–18 cm, branches erect to spreading; primary bract erect; heads 3–11-flowered, hemispheric to obpyramidal (rarely nearly spheric), 5–14 mm diam. |
Flowers | bracteoles 2; tepals dark brown or blackish, lanceolate-ovate to oblong, 2.6–3.2(–3.8) mm; inner and outer series nearly equal, apex obtuse; stamens 6, filaments 0.4–0.7 mm, anthers 1.1–1.6(–1.8) mm; style 0.4 mm. |
tepals dark brown to white, lanceolate, apex acute to acuminate, mucro subulate; outer tepals 2.8–6.2 mm; inner tepals 2.4–6 mm; stamens 6, anthers 1–2 times filament length. |
Capsules | chestnut brown or brown, 3-locular, widely ellipsoid, (2.2–)2.5–3.2(–3.5) × 1.3–1.9 mm. |
included to slightly exserted, chestnut brown, ellipsoid, 2.3–3.7 mm, abruptly contracted to apex, apex acute proximal to beak, valves separating at dehiscence. |
Seeds | dark brown, ellipsoid to lunate, 0.485–0.6(–0.67) mm, not tailed. |
ellipsoid, 0.4–0.5 mm, not tailed. |
2n | = ca. 80, 84. |
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Juncus gerardii |
Juncus nevadensis |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting late spring–summer. | Fruiting early summer–fall. |
Habitat | Forming extensive colonies in exposed coastal estuary meadows and salt marshes just above high- tide line, also inland | Wet banks along margins of streams and lakes, marshes, bogs, sloughs, and wet or boggy prairies |
Elevation | 0–2600 m (0–8500 ft) | |
Distribution |
CO; CT; DE; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; OR; PA; RI; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM; Greenland; Europe; Asia
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AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; SK
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Discussion | This variable species has been divided into five separate taxa in the past (F. J. Hermann 1964; C. L. Hitchcock et al. 1955–1969, vol. 1), but more recently, most of the variants have not been separated (A. Cronquist et al. 1972+, vol. 6). The Oregon coastal endemic, Juncus nevadensis var. inventus L. F. Henderson) C. L. Hitchcock, is at one extreme of the variation, having only a single head, fairly dark brown tepals 3.5–4.5 mm, anthers only slightly longer than the filaments, and a distinct habitat. The J. mertensianus var. columbianus segregate, however, approaches var. inventus in number of heads, and the other characters are so highly variable in the complex, they cannot be used alone to separate this variety. Therefore, we are not recognizing any infraspecific taxa at this time. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Poiophylli | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Septati |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | J. bulbosus var. gerardii, J. fucensis, J. gerardii var. pedicellatus | J. badius, J. columbianus, J. mertensianuss subsp. gracilis, J. mertensianus var. badius, J. mertensianus var. columbianus, J. mertensianus var. gracilis, J. mertensianus var. suksdorfii, J. nevadensis var. badius, J. nevadensis var. columbianus, J. nevadensis var. inventus, J. phaeocephalus var. gracilis, J. suksdorfii, J. truncatus |
Name authority | Loiseleur-Deslongchamps: J. Bot. (Desvaux) 2: 284. (1809) | S. Watson: Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 14: 303. (1879) |
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