|
black needle rush, blackgrass, blackgrass rush, Gerard's rush, saltmarsh rush, saltmeadow rush
|
bighead rush
|
| Herbs, perennial, 2–9 dm. |
Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous, 3–11 dm. |
long- creeping. |
3–4 diam. |
|
erect, terete, 3–4 mm diam., smooth. |
1–3. |
1–2, purple, apex acute. |
basal, (1–)2–4; auricles 0.4–0.6(–0.8) mm, scarious; blade flat or somewhat channeled, 10–40 cm × 0.4–0.7 mm, margins entire. |
basal 0–1, cauline 2–3; auricles 0.5–2 mm, apex acute, membranaceous; blade terete, 0–24 cm × 0.5–1.7 mm, most distal cauline leaf blade 0–2 cm, shorter than sheath. |
10–30(–80)-flowered, usually loose and somewhat lax, 2–16 cm; primary bract rarely surpassing inflorescence. |
panicles of (1–)3–21 heads, 1–8 cm, branches erect to spreading; primary bract erect; heads 40–60-flowered, spheric, 8–12 mm diam. |
bracteoles 2; tepals dark brown or blackish, lanceolate-ovate to oblong, 2.6–3.2(–3.8) mm; inner and outer series nearly equal, apex obtuse; stamens 6, filaments 0.4–0.7 mm, anthers 1.1–1.6(–1.8) mm; style 0.4 mm. |
tepals straw-colored to reddish brown, lanceolate-subulate; outer tepals 2.9–4.1 mm, apex acuminate; inner tepals 2.2–3.7 mm, apex acuminate; stamens 3, anthers 1/4–1/2 filament length. |
chestnut brown or brown, 3-locular, widely ellipsoid, (2.2–)2.5–3.2(–3.5) × 1.3–1.9 mm. |
exserted, , straw-colorerd, 1-locular, subulate, 2.5–4.2 mm, apex tapering to subulate beak, valves not separat ing at dehiscence, fertile throughout or only proximal to middle. |
dark brown, ellipsoid to lunate, 0.485–0.6(–0.67) mm, not tailed. |
ellipsoid to ovoid, 0.4 mm, not tailed; body clear yellow-brown. |
= ca. 80, 84. |
|
|
|
|
|
| Flowering and fruiting late spring–summer. |
Fruiting summer. |
| Forming extensive colonies in exposed coastal estuary meadows and salt marshes just above high- tide line, also inland |
Fresh marshes, moist hollows of sand dunes, swales, roadside ditches, and dry fertile soil |
|
0–100 m (0–300 ft) |
|
CO; CT; DE; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; OR; PA; RI; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM; Greenland; Europe; Asia
|
AL; FL; GA; LA; MD; MS; NC; SC; TX; VA
|
| FNA vol. 22. |
FNA vol. 22. |
| Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Poiophylli |
Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Septati |
J. acuminatus, J. acutiflorus, J. acutus, J. alpinoarticulatus, J. anthelatus, J. arcticus, J. articulatus, J. biglumis, J. bolanderi, J. brachycarpus, J. brachycephalus, J. brachyphyllus, J. brevicaudatus, J. bryoides, J. bufonius, J. bulbosus, J. caesariensis, J. canadensis, J. capillaris, J. capitatus, J. castaneus, J. chlorocephalus, J. compressus, J. confusus, J. cooperi, J. coriaceus, J. covillei, J. debilis, J. dichotomus, J. diffusissimus, J. drummondii, J. dubius, J. dudleyi, J. effusus, J. elliottii, J. ensifolius, J. falcatus, J. filiformis, J. filipendulus, J. georgianus, J. greenei, J. gymnocarpus, J. hallii, J. hemiendytus, J. howellii, J. inflexus, J. interior, J. kelloggii, J. leiospermus, J. lesueurii, J. longistylis, J. luciensis, J. macrandrus, J. macrophyllus, J. marginatus, J. maritimus, J. megacephalus, J. mertensianus, J. militaris, J. nevadensis, J. nodatus, J. nodosus, J. occidentalis, J. orthophyllus, J. oxymeris, J. parryi, J. patens, J. pelocarpus, J. pervetus, J. phaeocephalus, J. polycephalus, J. regelii, J. repens, J. roemerianus, J. scirpoides, J. secundus, J. squarrosus, J. stygius, J. subcaudatus, J. subtilis, J. supiniformis, J. tenuis, J. texanus, J. textilis, J. tiehmii, J. torreyi, J. trifidus, J. triformis, J. triglumis, J. trigonocarpus, J. uncialis, J. validus, J. vaseyi, J. xiphioides |
J. acuminatus, J. acutiflorus, J. acutus, J. alpinoarticulatus, J. anthelatus, J. arcticus, J. articulatus, J. biglumis, J. bolanderi, J. brachycarpus, J. brachycephalus, J. brachyphyllus, J. brevicaudatus, J. bryoides, J. bufonius, J. bulbosus, J. caesariensis, J. canadensis, J. capillaris, J. capitatus, J. castaneus, J. chlorocephalus, J. compressus, J. confusus, J. cooperi, J. coriaceus, J. covillei, J. debilis, J. dichotomus, J. diffusissimus, J. drummondii, J. dubius, J. dudleyi, J. effusus, J. elliottii, J. ensifolius, J. falcatus, J. filiformis, J. filipendulus, J. georgianus, J. gerardii, J. greenei, J. gymnocarpus, J. hallii, J. hemiendytus, J. howellii, J. inflexus, J. interior, J. kelloggii, J. leiospermus, J. lesueurii, J. longistylis, J. luciensis, J. macrandrus, J. macrophyllus, J. marginatus, J. maritimus, J. mertensianus, J. militaris, J. nevadensis, J. nodatus, J. nodosus, J. occidentalis, J. orthophyllus, J. oxymeris, J. parryi, J. patens, J. pelocarpus, J. pervetus, J. phaeocephalus, J. polycephalus, J. regelii, J. repens, J. roemerianus, J. scirpoides, J. secundus, J. squarrosus, J. stygius, J. subcaudatus, J. subtilis, J. supiniformis, J. tenuis, J. texanus, J. textilis, J. tiehmii, J. torreyi, J. trifidus, J. triformis, J. triglumis, J. trigonocarpus, J. uncialis, J. validus, J. vaseyi, J. xiphioides |
| J. bulbosus var. gerardii, J. fucensis, J. gerardii var. pedicellatus |
J. scirpoides var. carolinianus, J. scirpoides var. echinatus |
| Loiseleur-Deslongchamps: J. Bot. (Desvaux) 2: 284. (1809) |
M. A. Curtis: Boston J. Nat. Hist. 1: 132. (1835) |
| |
BC, 
OR
Flora NW, 
Go Botany, 
IL Wildflowers, 
KS Wildflowers, 
MD Biodiversity, 
MI Flora, 
MN Wildflowers, 
MO Plants, 
PNW Herbaria
WildflowerSearch
iNaturalist (observations)
USDA Plants Database
LA Plants
