Juncus gerardii |
Juncus diffusissimus |
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black needle rush, blackgrass, blackgrass rush, Gerard's rush, saltmarsh rush, saltmeadow rush |
diffuse rush, slim-fruit rush, slim-pod rush |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, 2–9 dm. | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, 2.5–6.5 dm. |
Rhizomes | long- creeping. |
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Culms | erect, terete, 1–3 mm diam., smooth. |
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Cataphylls | 1–3. |
0–1, maroon or dark green, apex obtuse. |
Leaves | basal, (1–)2–4; auricles 0.4–0.6(–0.8) mm, scarious; blade flat or somewhat channeled, 10–40 cm × 0.4–0.7 mm, margins entire. |
basal 1, cauline 2–3; auricles 1–2.1 mm, apex rounded, membranaceous; blade maroon or dark green, terete to compressed, 3–20 cm × 1–2.4 mm. |
Inflorescences | 10–30(–80)-flowered, usually loose and somewhat lax, 2–16 cm; primary bract rarely surpassing inflorescence. |
terminal panicles of 30–70(–130), 5–20 cm, branches spreading; primary bract erect; ; heads (1–)2–10-flowered, hemispheric or narrower, 5–10 mm diam. |
Flowers | bracteoles 2; tepals dark brown or blackish, lanceolate-ovate to oblong, 2.6–3.2(–3.8) mm; inner and outer series nearly equal, apex obtuse; stamens 6, filaments 0.4–0.7 mm, anthers 1.1–1.6(–1.8) mm; style 0.4 mm. |
tepals green to straw-colored, lanceolate, apex acute; outer tepals (2–)2.6–3.2 mm; inner tepals (1.8–)2.3–3 mm; stamens 3, anthers 1/2–2/3 filament length. |
Capsules | chestnut brown or brown, 3-locular, widely ellipsoid, (2.2–)2.5–3.2(–3.5) × 1.3–1.9 mm. |
exserted, , straw-colored, 1-locular, linear-lanceoloid, 4–5.2 mm, apex acute, valves separating at dehiscence. |
Seeds | dark brown, ellipsoid to lunate, 0.485–0.6(–0.67) mm, not tailed. |
oblong-ellipsoid, 0.3–0.4 mm, not tailed; body clear yellow-brown. |
2n | = ca. 80, 84. |
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Juncus gerardii |
Juncus diffusissimus |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting late spring–summer. | Fruiting summer. |
Habitat | Forming extensive colonies in exposed coastal estuary meadows and salt marshes just above high- tide line, also inland | In soft mucky substrates, marshy shores, sloughs, occasionally in wet wooded places, often in shallow water, commonly abundantly colonizing wet, sandy- alluvial outwash in ditches and clearings |
Elevation | 10–1000 m (0–3300 ft) | |
Distribution |
CO; CT; DE; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; OR; PA; RI; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM; Greenland; Europe; Asia
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AL; AR; CA; CT; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; OH; OK; SC; TN; TX; VA; WA; WV [Probably introduced, South America]
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Poiophylli | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Septati |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | J. bulbosus var. gerardii, J. fucensis, J. gerardii var. pedicellatus | |
Name authority | Loiseleur-Deslongchamps: J. Bot. (Desvaux) 2: 284. (1809) | Buckley: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 14: 9. (1862) |
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