Juncus gerardii |
Juncus dichotomus |
|
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black needle rush, blackgrass, blackgrass rush, Gerard's rush, saltmarsh rush, saltmeadow rush |
dichotomous rush, fork rush |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, 2–9 dm. | Herbs, perennial, to 10 dm. |
Rhizomes | long- creeping. |
densely branched to short- creeping. |
Cataphylls | 1–3. |
1–3. |
Leaves | basal, (1–)2–4; auricles 0.4–0.6(–0.8) mm, scarious; blade flat or somewhat channeled, 10–40 cm × 0.4–0.7 mm, margins entire. |
basal, (1-)2-3; auricles 0.2-0.5(-0.6) mm, scarious to leathery; blade nearly terete, channeled or flat, 10-25(-40) cm × (0.5-)0.7-1(-1.2) mm, margins entire. |
Inflorescences | 10–30(–80)-flowered, usually loose and somewhat lax, 2–16 cm; primary bract rarely surpassing inflorescence. |
terminal, (5–)10–85(–100)-flowered, congested to somewhat loose, (1-)2.5-10(-13) cm; primary bract usually exceeding inflorescence. |
Flowers | bracteoles 2; tepals dark brown or blackish, lanceolate-ovate to oblong, 2.6–3.2(–3.8) mm; inner and outer series nearly equal, apex obtuse; stamens 6, filaments 0.4–0.7 mm, anthers 1.1–1.6(–1.8) mm; style 0.4 mm. |
bracteoles 2; tepals green, lanceolate, (3-)3.3-4.5(-5.5) mm; outer and inner series nearly equal; stamens 6, filaments 0.6–1.2 mm, anthers 0.4-0.8(-1) mm; style 0.2 mm. |
Capsules | chestnut brown or brown, 3-locular, widely ellipsoid, (2.2–)2.5–3.2(–3.5) × 1.3–1.9 mm. |
tan to brown, 1-locular to pseudo-3-locular, ellipsoid to widely so, (2.5-)2.8-3.5(-4.5) × 1x 1.6-2.2 mm. |
Seeds | dark brown, ellipsoid to lunate, 0.485–0.6(–0.67) mm, not tailed. |
brownish to amber, ellipsoid to lunate, 0.3-0.4 mm, not tailed. |
2n | = ca. 80, 84. |
= ca. 80. |
Juncus gerardii |
Juncus dichotomus |
|
Phenology | Flowering and fruiting late spring–summer. | Flowering and fruiting late spring–summer. |
Habitat | Forming extensive colonies in exposed coastal estuary meadows and salt marshes just above high- tide line, also inland | Ditches, shores, clearings, and other typically open areas, usually in sandy, well-drained (but frequently wet) soil |
Distribution |
CO; CT; DE; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; OR; PA; RI; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM; Greenland; Europe; Asia
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AL; AR; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; KY; LA; MA; MD; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; WV; Mexico; Central America; South America; Texas
|
Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Poiophylli | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Poiophylli |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | J. bulbosus var. gerardii, J. fucensis, J. gerardii var. pedicellatus | J. dichotomus var. platyphyllus, J. tenuis var. dichotomus, J. tenuis var. platyphyllus, J. platyphyllus |
Name authority | Loiseleur-Deslongchamps: J. Bot. (Desvaux) 2: 284. (1809) | Elliott |
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