Juncus gerardii |
Juncus brachycarpus |
|
---|---|---|
black needle rush, blackgrass, blackgrass rush, Gerard's rush, saltmarsh rush, saltmeadow rush |
short-fruit rush, white-root rush |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial, 2–9 dm. | Herbs, perennial, not cespitose, rhizomatous, (3–)4.5–8(–9) dm. |
Rhizomes | long- creeping. |
tuberous, 3–4 mm diam. |
Culms | erect, terete, 2–3 mm diam., smooth. |
|
Cataphylls | 1–3. |
0(–1), straw-colored, apex acute. |
Leaves | basal, (1–)2–4; auricles 0.4–0.6(–0.8) mm, scarious; blade flat or somewhat channeled, 10–40 cm × 0.4–0.7 mm, margins entire. |
basal 1–2, cauline 2–4, auricles 0.5–3.5 mm, apex rounded, scarious; blade green to straw-colored, terete, 3–50 cm × 1–2 mm diam. |
Inflorescences | 10–30(–80)-flowered, usually loose and somewhat lax, 2–16 cm; primary bract rarely surpassing inflorescence. |
terminal panicles of 2–10(–20) heads or a single head, 1–4(–10) cm, branches ascending; primary bract erect; heads 30–100-flowered, spheric, 8–10 mm diam. |
Flowers | bracteoles 2; tepals dark brown or blackish, lanceolate-ovate to oblong, 2.6–3.2(–3.8) mm; inner and outer series nearly equal, apex obtuse; stamens 6, filaments 0.4–0.7 mm, anthers 1.1–1.6(–1.8) mm; style 0.4 mm. |
tepals green to straw-colored, often red-tinted, lanceolate-subulate, apex acuminate; outer tepals 2.5–3.8 mm; inner tepals 2–3.2 mm; stamens 3, anthers 1/4–1/2 filament length. |
Capsules | chestnut brown or brown, 3-locular, widely ellipsoid, (2.2–)2.5–3.2(–3.5) × 1.3–1.9 mm. |
included, chestnut brown, 1-locular, obconic or ovoid, 1.8–2.7 mm, apex obtuse, valves separating at dehiscence, fertile throughout or only proximal to middle. |
Seeds | dark brown, ellipsoid to lunate, 0.485–0.6(–0.67) mm, not tailed. |
ellipsoid to oblique-oblong, 0.3–0.4 mm, not tailed; cody clear to yellow-brown. |
2n | = ca. 80, 84. |
= 44. |
Juncus gerardii |
Juncus brachycarpus |
|
Phenology | Flowering and fruiting late spring–summer. | Fruiting mid summer–fall. |
Habitat | Forming extensive colonies in exposed coastal estuary meadows and salt marshes just above high- tide line, also inland | Damp clayey, peaty, or sandy soils, swamps, ditches, ponds, wet woods, wet prairies |
Elevation | 0–500 m (0–1600 ft) | |
Distribution |
CO; CT; DE; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; OR; PA; RI; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM; Greenland; Europe; Asia
|
AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; ON
|
Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Poiophylli | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Septati |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | J. bulbosus var. gerardii, J. fucensis, J. gerardii var. pedicellatus | |
Name authority | Loiseleur-Deslongchamps: J. Bot. (Desvaux) 2: 284. (1809) | Engelmann: in A. Gray, Manual of Botany of the Northern United States (ed. 5) 542. (1867) |
Web links |
|
|