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thread rush

roundhead rush

Habit Herbs, perennial, 0.2–3.5 dm. Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous, sometimes to nearly cespitose, 4–10 dm.
Rhizomes

widely creeping, sparingly branched, 1.5–2 mm diam., nodes closely set.

not tuberous, 2 mm diam.

Culms

terete, 1 mm diam.

erect, terete, 3–5 mm diam., smooth.

Cataphylls

several.

0.

Leaves

blade absent.

basal 2–3(–6), cauline 1–4;

auricles 1–3 mm, apex acute, membranaceous, absent on proximal leaves;

blade green, laterally compressed, 9–70 cm × 2–6 mm.

Inflorescences

3–10(–12)-flowered, loosely congested, 1–2 cm;

primary bract terete, nearly equaling to much longer than culm.

terminal panicles of 10–30 heads, 10–30 cm, branches spreading;

primary bract erect;

heads 20–30-flowered, spheric, (10–)12–15 mm diam.

Flowers

pedicellate;

bracteoles broadly ovate, tepals light brown or green, lanceolate, 2.5–4.2 mm;

inner series loosely subtending capsule at maturity, slightly shorter, margins scarious;

stamens 6, filaments 0.5–0.9 mm, anthers 0.5–0.7 mm;

style 0.2 mm.

tepals green to reddish, lance-subulate, 4–5 mm, apex acuminate;

stamens 3, anthers 1/3–1/2 filament length.

Capsules

tan, 3-locular, nearly globose, 2.5–3 × 1.8–2.1 mm, shorter than perianth.

exserted, straw-colored, 1-locular, subulate, 4–5,5 mm, tapering to subulate tip, valves separating or not at dehiscence;

fertile throughout or only proximal to middle..

Seeds

amber, 0.5–0.6 mm, not tailed.

broadly ellipsoid, 0.5–0.6 mm, not tailed;

body clear yellow-brown.

2n

= 40, 70, 80, 84.

Juncus filiformis

Juncus validus

Phenology Flowering and fruiting summer.
Habitat Usually sandy, moist or wet soil along stream banks, pools, lakes or in meadow depressions, rarely in bogs, frequently hidden by larger vegetation
Elevation 0–3000 m (0–9800 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; CO; ID; MA; ME; MI; MN; MT; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OR; PA; UT; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM; Greenland; Eurasia; Atlantic Islands (Iceland)
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[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; KS; LA; MO; MS; NC; OK; SC; TN; TX; VA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Inflorescence 10–30 cm; heads 20–30-flowered; capsule fully separating at apex after dehiscence
var. validus
1. Inflorescence 2–5 cm; heads 6–15-flowered; capsule remaining united at apex after dehiscence
var. fascinatus
Source FNA vol. 22. FNA vol. 22.
Parent taxa Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Genuini Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Septati
Sibling taxa
J. acuminatus, J. acutiflorus, J. acutus, J. alpinoarticulatus, J. anthelatus, J. arcticus, J. articulatus, J. biglumis, J. bolanderi, J. brachycarpus, J. brachycephalus, J. brachyphyllus, J. brevicaudatus, J. bryoides, J. bufonius, J. bulbosus, J. caesariensis, J. canadensis, J. capillaris, J. capitatus, J. castaneus, J. chlorocephalus, J. compressus, J. confusus, J. cooperi, J. coriaceus, J. covillei, J. debilis, J. dichotomus, J. diffusissimus, J. drummondii, J. dubius, J. dudleyi, J. effusus, J. elliottii, J. ensifolius, J. falcatus, J. filipendulus, J. georgianus, J. gerardii, J. greenei, J. gymnocarpus, J. hallii, J. hemiendytus, J. howellii, J. inflexus, J. interior, J. kelloggii, J. leiospermus, J. lesueurii, J. longistylis, J. luciensis, J. macrandrus, J. macrophyllus, J. marginatus, J. maritimus, J. megacephalus, J. mertensianus, J. militaris, J. nevadensis, J. nodatus, J. nodosus, J. occidentalis, J. orthophyllus, J. oxymeris, J. parryi, J. patens, J. pelocarpus, J. pervetus, J. phaeocephalus, J. polycephalus, J. regelii, J. repens, J. roemerianus, J. scirpoides, J. secundus, J. squarrosus, J. stygius, J. subcaudatus, J. subtilis, J. supiniformis, J. tenuis, J. texanus, J. textilis, J. tiehmii, J. torreyi, J. trifidus, J. triformis, J. triglumis, J. trigonocarpus, J. uncialis, J. validus, J. vaseyi, J. xiphioides
J. acuminatus, J. acutiflorus, J. acutus, J. alpinoarticulatus, J. anthelatus, J. arcticus, J. articulatus, J. biglumis, J. bolanderi, J. brachycarpus, J. brachycephalus, J. brachyphyllus, J. brevicaudatus, J. bryoides, J. bufonius, J. bulbosus, J. caesariensis, J. canadensis, J. capillaris, J. capitatus, J. castaneus, J. chlorocephalus, J. compressus, J. confusus, J. cooperi, J. coriaceus, J. covillei, J. debilis, J. dichotomus, J. diffusissimus, J. drummondii, J. dubius, J. dudleyi, J. effusus, J. elliottii, J. ensifolius, J. falcatus, J. filiformis, J. filipendulus, J. georgianus, J. gerardii, J. greenei, J. gymnocarpus, J. hallii, J. hemiendytus, J. howellii, J. inflexus, J. interior, J. kelloggii, J. leiospermus, J. lesueurii, J. longistylis, J. luciensis, J. macrandrus, J. macrophyllus, J. marginatus, J. maritimus, J. megacephalus, J. mertensianus, J. militaris, J. nevadensis, J. nodatus, J. nodosus, J. occidentalis, J. orthophyllus, J. oxymeris, J. parryi, J. patens, J. pelocarpus, J. pervetus, J. phaeocephalus, J. polycephalus, J. regelii, J. repens, J. roemerianus, J. scirpoides, J. secundus, J. squarrosus, J. stygius, J. subcaudatus, J. subtilis, J. supiniformis, J. tenuis, J. texanus, J. textilis, J. tiehmii, J. torreyi, J. trifidus, J. triformis, J. triglumis, J. trigonocarpus, J. uncialis, J. vaseyi, J. xiphioides
Subordinate taxa
J. validus var. fascinatus, J. validus var. validus
Synonyms J. crassifolius
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 326. (1753) Coville: Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 22:305. (1895)
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