Juncus effusus |
Juncus inflexus |
|
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common bog rush, common rush, common soft rush, pasture rush, soft or lamp rush, soft rush |
blue rush, European blue rush, European Meadow rush |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, 4–13 dm. | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, stooling, 4–10 (–12) dm. |
Rhizomes | short -branched, forming distinct, often large clumps. |
3–5 mm diam. |
Culms | erect, terete, 1–2.5 mm diam. at top of sheaths. |
terete, 1.5–3 mm diam. |
Cataphylls | several. |
several. |
Leaves | blade absent. |
blade absent. |
Inflorescences | lateral, compound dichasia, many flowered; primary bract erect, terete, extending well beyond dichasium. |
many flowered, open, 2–7 cm; primary bract terete, 10–25 cm. |
Flowers | tepals tan or darker, usually with greenish midstripe, lanceolate, 1.9–3.5 mm; inner slightly shorter; stamens 3, filaments 0.5–0.8 mm, anthers 0.5–0.8 mm; style 0.2 mm. |
pedicellate; bracteoles ovate; tepals straw-colored to reddish brown, lanceolate, 2.7–3.5 mm, margins scarious; inner series loosely subtending capsule at maturity, shorter; stamens 6, filaments 0.8–1.5 mm, anthers 0.8–1 mm; style 0.3 mm. |
Capsules | greenish tan or darker, 3-locular, broadly ellipsoid to oblate, 1.5–3.2 mm. |
reddish brown to chestnut brown, 3-locular, 3-gonous-ovoid to widely ellipsoid, 3–4 mm, exceeding perianth. |
Seeds | amber, (0.3–)0.4–0.5 mm. |
amber, obovoid, 0.3–0.5 mm, not tailed. |
2n | = 40, 42. |
= 20, 38, 40. |
Juncus effusus |
Juncus inflexus |
|
Phenology | Flowering summer, fruiting summer–fall. | Flowering and fruiting summer. |
Habitat | Swamps and their edges, marshes, moist meadows, and moist or saturated soils, often conspicuous in pasture meadows where it is shunned by grazing animals | Wet soils along streams, ditches, and on wet, sandy and peaty hillsides |
Elevation | Habitat??; 0–2500 m (Habitat??; 0–8200 ft) | |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WV; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC
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MI; NY; PA; VA; ON; Europe; Asia; Africa [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | The Juncus effusus complex has been variously recognized as containing several species or a single species with numerous infraspecific taxa. Unfortunately, North American treatments have dealt primarily with taxa in either the eastern or western portions of the continent. In considering the continent as a whole, little sense can be made of these treatments. The North American J. effusus complex is one that is in obvious need of modern systematic scrutiny. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Genuini | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Genuini |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | J. conglomeratus, J. effusus var. brunneus, J. effusus var. caeruleomontanus, J. effusus var. costulatus, J. effusus var. dicipiens, J. effusus var. exiguus, J. effusus var. gracilis, J. effusus var. pylaei, J. effusus var. solutus, J. effusus var. subglomeratus, J. griscomii | J. glaucus |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 326. (1753) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 326. (1753) |
Web links |
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