Juncus effusus |
Juncus brachycarpus |
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common bog rush, common rush, common soft rush, pasture rush, soft or lamp rush, soft rush |
short-fruit rush, white-root rush |
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| Habit | Herbs, perennial, 4–13 dm. | Herbs, perennial, not cespitose, rhizomatous, (3–)4.5–8(–9) dm. |
| Rhizomes | short -branched, forming distinct, often large clumps. |
tuberous, 3–4 mm diam. |
| Culms | erect, terete, 1–2.5 mm diam. at top of sheaths. |
erect, terete, 2–3 mm diam., smooth. |
| Cataphylls | several. |
0(–1), straw-colored, apex acute. |
| Leaves | blade absent. |
basal 1–2, cauline 2–4, auricles 0.5–3.5 mm, apex rounded, scarious; blade green to straw-colored, terete, 3–50 cm × 1–2 mm diam. |
| Inflorescences | lateral, compound dichasia, many flowered; primary bract erect, terete, extending well beyond dichasium. |
terminal panicles of 2–10(–20) heads or a single head, 1–4(–10) cm, branches ascending; primary bract erect; heads 30–100-flowered, spheric, 8–10 mm diam. |
| Flowers | tepals tan or darker, usually with greenish midstripe, lanceolate, 1.9–3.5 mm; inner slightly shorter; stamens 3, filaments 0.5–0.8 mm, anthers 0.5–0.8 mm; style 0.2 mm. |
tepals green to straw-colored, often red-tinted, lanceolate-subulate, apex acuminate; outer tepals 2.5–3.8 mm; inner tepals 2–3.2 mm; stamens 3, anthers 1/4–1/2 filament length. |
| Capsules | greenish tan or darker, 3-locular, broadly ellipsoid to oblate, 1.5–3.2 mm. |
included, chestnut brown, 1-locular, obconic or ovoid, 1.8–2.7 mm, apex obtuse, valves separating at dehiscence, fertile throughout or only proximal to middle. |
| Seeds | amber, (0.3–)0.4–0.5 mm. |
ellipsoid to oblique-oblong, 0.3–0.4 mm, not tailed; cody clear to yellow-brown. |
| 2n | = 40, 42. |
= 44. |
Juncus effusus |
Juncus brachycarpus |
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| Phenology | Flowering summer, fruiting summer–fall. | Fruiting mid summer–fall. |
| Habitat | Swamps and their edges, marshes, moist meadows, and moist or saturated soils, often conspicuous in pasture meadows where it is shunned by grazing animals | Damp clayey, peaty, or sandy soils, swamps, ditches, ponds, wet woods, wet prairies |
| Elevation | Habitat??; 0–2500 m [Habitat??; 0–8200 ft] | 0–500 m [0–1600 ft] |
| Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WV; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC
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AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; ON
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| Discussion | The Juncus effusus complex has been variously recognized as containing several species or a single species with numerous infraspecific taxa. Unfortunately, North American treatments have dealt primarily with taxa in either the eastern or western portions of the continent. In considering the continent as a whole, little sense can be made of these treatments. The North American J. effusus complex is one that is in obvious need of modern systematic scrutiny. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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| Parent taxa | ||
| Sibling taxa | ||
| Synonyms | J. conglomeratus, J. effusus var. brunneus, J. effusus var. caeruleomontanus, J. effusus var. costulatus, J. effusus var. dicipiens, J. effusus var. exiguus, J. effusus var. gracilis, J. effusus var. pylaei, J. effusus var. solutus, J. effusus var. subglomeratus, J. griscomii | |
| Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 326. (1753) | Engelmann: in A. Gray, Manual of Botany of the Northern United States (ed. 5) 542. (1867) |
| Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
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