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common bog rush, common rush, common soft rush, pasture rush, soft or lamp rush, soft rush

short-fruit rush, white-root rush

Habit Herbs, perennial, 4–13 dm. Herbs, perennial, not cespitose, rhizomatous, (3–)4.5–8(–9) dm.
Rhizomes

short -branched, forming distinct, often large clumps.

tuberous, 3–4 mm diam.

Culms

erect, terete, 1–2.5 mm diam. at top of sheaths.

erect, terete, 2–3 mm diam., smooth.

Cataphylls

several.

0(–1), straw-colored, apex acute.

Leaves

blade absent.

basal 1–2, cauline 2–4, auricles 0.5–3.5 mm, apex rounded, scarious;

blade green to straw-colored, terete, 3–50 cm × 1–2 mm diam.

Inflorescences

lateral, compound dichasia, many flowered;

primary bract erect, terete, extending well beyond dichasium.

terminal panicles of 2–10(–20) heads or a single head, 1–4(–10) cm, branches ascending;

primary bract erect;

heads 30–100-flowered, spheric, 8–10 mm diam.

Flowers

tepals tan or darker, usually with greenish midstripe, lanceolate, 1.9–3.5 mm;

inner slightly shorter;

stamens 3, filaments 0.5–0.8 mm, anthers 0.5–0.8 mm;

style 0.2 mm.

tepals green to straw-colored, often red-tinted, lanceolate-subulate, apex acuminate;

outer tepals 2.5–3.8 mm;

inner tepals 2–3.2 mm;

stamens 3, anthers 1/4–1/2 filament length.

Capsules

greenish tan or darker, 3-locular, broadly ellipsoid to oblate, 1.5–3.2 mm.

included, chestnut brown, 1-locular, obconic or ovoid, 1.8–2.7 mm, apex obtuse, valves separating at dehiscence, fertile throughout or only proximal to middle.

Seeds

amber, (0.3–)0.4–0.5 mm.

ellipsoid to oblique-oblong, 0.3–0.4 mm, not tailed;

cody clear to yellow-brown.

2n

= 40, 42.

= 44.

Juncus effusus

Juncus brachycarpus

Phenology Flowering summer, fruiting summer–fall. Fruiting mid summer–fall.
Habitat Swamps and their edges, marshes, moist meadows, and moist or saturated soils, often conspicuous in pasture meadows where it is shunned by grazing animals Damp clayey, peaty, or sandy soils, swamps, ditches, ponds, wet woods, wet prairies
Elevation Habitat??; 0–2500 m [Habitat??; 0–8200 ft] 0–500 m [0–1600 ft]
Distribution
map from FNA
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WV; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
map from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; ON
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

The Juncus effusus complex has been variously recognized as containing several species or a single species with numerous infraspecific taxa. Unfortunately, North American treatments have dealt primarily with taxa in either the eastern or western portions of the continent. In considering the continent as a whole, little sense can be made of these treatments. The North American J. effusus complex is one that is in obvious need of modern systematic scrutiny.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Parent taxa Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Genuini Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Septati
Sibling taxa
J. acuminatus, J. acutiflorus, J. acutus, J. alpinoarticulatus, J. anthelatus, J. arcticus, J. articulatus, J. biglumis, J. bolanderi, J. brachycarpus, J. brachycephalus, J. brachyphyllus, J. brevicaudatus, J. bryoides, J. bufonius, J. bulbosus, J. caesariensis, J. canadensis, J. capillaris, J. capitatus, J. castaneus, J. chlorocephalus, J. compressus, J. confusus, J. cooperi, J. coriaceus, J. covillei, J. debilis, J. dichotomus, J. diffusissimus, J. drummondii, J. dubius, J. dudleyi, J. elliottii, J. ensifolius, J. falcatus, J. filiformis, J. filipendulus, J. georgianus, J. gerardii, J. greenei, J. gymnocarpus, J. hallii, J. hemiendytus, J. howellii, J. inflexus, J. interior, J. kelloggii, J. leiospermus, J. lesueurii, J. longistylis, J. luciensis, J. macrandrus, J. macrophyllus, J. marginatus, J. maritimus, J. megacephalus, J. mertensianus, J. militaris, J. nevadensis, J. nodatus, J. nodosus, J. occidentalis, J. orthophyllus, J. oxymeris, J. parryi, J. patens, J. pelocarpus, J. pervetus, J. phaeocephalus, J. polycephalus, J. regelii, J. repens, J. roemerianus, J. scirpoides, J. secundus, J. squarrosus, J. stygius, J. subcaudatus, J. subtilis, J. supiniformis, J. tenuis, J. texanus, J. textilis, J. tiehmii, J. torreyi, J. trifidus, J. triformis, J. triglumis, J. trigonocarpus, J. uncialis, J. validus, J. vaseyi, J. xiphioides
J. acuminatus, J. acutiflorus, J. acutus, J. alpinoarticulatus, J. anthelatus, J. arcticus, J. articulatus, J. biglumis, J. bolanderi, J. brachycephalus, J. brachyphyllus, J. brevicaudatus, J. bryoides, J. bufonius, J. bulbosus, J. caesariensis, J. canadensis, J. capillaris, J. capitatus, J. castaneus, J. chlorocephalus, J. compressus, J. confusus, J. cooperi, J. coriaceus, J. covillei, J. debilis, J. dichotomus, J. diffusissimus, J. drummondii, J. dubius, J. dudleyi, J. effusus, J. elliottii, J. ensifolius, J. falcatus, J. filiformis, J. filipendulus, J. georgianus, J. gerardii, J. greenei, J. gymnocarpus, J. hallii, J. hemiendytus, J. howellii, J. inflexus, J. interior, J. kelloggii, J. leiospermus, J. lesueurii, J. longistylis, J. luciensis, J. macrandrus, J. macrophyllus, J. marginatus, J. maritimus, J. megacephalus, J. mertensianus, J. militaris, J. nevadensis, J. nodatus, J. nodosus, J. occidentalis, J. orthophyllus, J. oxymeris, J. parryi, J. patens, J. pelocarpus, J. pervetus, J. phaeocephalus, J. polycephalus, J. regelii, J. repens, J. roemerianus, J. scirpoides, J. secundus, J. squarrosus, J. stygius, J. subcaudatus, J. subtilis, J. supiniformis, J. tenuis, J. texanus, J. textilis, J. tiehmii, J. torreyi, J. trifidus, J. triformis, J. triglumis, J. trigonocarpus, J. uncialis, J. validus, J. vaseyi, J. xiphioides
Synonyms J. conglomeratus, J. effusus var. brunneus, J. effusus var. caeruleomontanus, J. effusus var. costulatus, J. effusus var. dicipiens, J. effusus var. exiguus, J. effusus var. gracilis, J. effusus var. pylaei, J. effusus var. solutus, J. effusus var. subglomeratus, J. griscomii
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 326. (1753) Engelmann: in A. Gray, Manual of Botany of the Northern United States (ed. 5) 542. (1867)
Source FNA vol. 22. Treatment authors: Ralph E. Brooks*, Steven E. Clemants*. FNA vol. 22. Treatment authors: Ralph E. Brooks*, Steven E. Clemants*.
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