Juncus effusus |
Juncus arcticus |
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common bog rush, common rush, common soft rush, pasture rush, soft or lamp rush, soft rush |
arctic rush |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, 4–13 dm. | Herbs, perennial, 2–10 dm. | ||||||||
Rhizomes | short -branched, forming distinct, often large clumps. |
long- creeping. |
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Culms | erect, terete, 1–2.5 mm diam. at top of sheaths. |
erect, 1–3 mm diam. |
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Cataphylls | several. |
several. |
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Leaves | blade absent. |
blade usually absent (present in var. mexicanus). |
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Inflorescences | lateral, compound dichasia, many flowered; primary bract erect, terete, extending well beyond dichasium. |
lateral, 3–many-flowered, loose to congested; primary bract barely exceeding to many times longer than inflorescence. |
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Flowers | tepals tan or darker, usually with greenish midstripe, lanceolate, 1.9–3.5 mm; inner slightly shorter; stamens 3, filaments 0.5–0.8 mm, anthers 0.5–0.8 mm; style 0.2 mm. |
variously pedicellate; bracteoles membranous; tepals chestnut brown or paler, lanceolate, (2.5–)3.3–5.5(–6) mm, margins clear; inner series loosely subtending capsule at maturity; usually slightly shorter, margins scarious to clear, apex acutish to obtuse; stamens 6, filaments 0.2–1.1 mm, anthers 0.9–2.2 mm; style 0.9–1.5 mm. |
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Capsules | greenish tan or darker, 3-locular, broadly ellipsoid to oblate, 1.5–3.2 mm. |
3-locular or infrequently pseudo-3-locular, oblate to narrowly ovoid, 3.5–4(–4.5) mm, equal to or exceeding perianth. |
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Seeds | amber, (0.3–)0.4–0.5 mm. |
dark amber, oblate to ellipsoid, 0.6–0.8 mm. |
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2n | = 40, 42. |
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Juncus effusus |
Juncus arcticus |
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Phenology | Flowering summer, fruiting summer–fall. | |||||||||
Habitat | Swamps and their edges, marshes, moist meadows, and moist or saturated soils, often conspicuous in pasture meadows where it is shunned by grazing animals | |||||||||
Elevation | Habitat??; 0–2500 m (Habitat??; 0–8200 ft) | |||||||||
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WV; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC
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AK; AR; AZ; CA; CO; DE; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NH; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SD; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Mexico; South America; Asia
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Discussion | The Juncus effusus complex has been variously recognized as containing several species or a single species with numerous infraspecific taxa. Unfortunately, North American treatments have dealt primarily with taxa in either the eastern or western portions of the continent. In considering the continent as a whole, little sense can be made of these treatments. The North American J. effusus complex is one that is in obvious need of modern systematic scrutiny. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Numerous entities have been circumscribed and recognized at various nomenclatural ranks by a plethora of authors addressing state or regional floras. In considering the Juncus arcticus-balticus complex as a whole in North America, one is soon confronted with a wide-ranging and obviously polymorphic complex that has not read the literature. It is abundantly clear that the systematics of the group will not be solved on the basis of morphology alone and that resolution of the problem is ripe for molecular investigations. Varieties 3 7 (3 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Genuini | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Genuini | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | J. conglomeratus, J. effusus var. brunneus, J. effusus var. caeruleomontanus, J. effusus var. costulatus, J. effusus var. dicipiens, J. effusus var. exiguus, J. effusus var. gracilis, J. effusus var. pylaei, J. effusus var. solutus, J. effusus var. subglomeratus, J. griscomii | |||||||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 326. (1753) | Willdenow: Sp. Pl. 2: 206. (1799) | ||||||||
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