Juncus effusus |
Juncaceae |
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common bog rush, common rush, common soft rush, pasture rush, soft or lamp rush, soft rush |
rush family |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, 4–13 dm. | Herbs, perennial, occasionally annual, usually rhizomatous, orsometimes cespitose. |
Rhizomes | short -branched, forming distinct, often large clumps. |
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Culms | erect, terete, 1–2.5 mm diam. at top of sheaths. |
round or flat. |
Cataphylls | several. |
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Leaves | blade absent. |
mostly basal; sheath margins fused or overlapping, often with 2 earlike extensions (auricles) at blade junction; blade flat or round, glabrous or margins hairy. |
Inflorescences | lateral, compound dichasia, many flowered; primary bract erect, terete, extending well beyond dichasium. |
of headlike clusters or single flowers variously arranged; bracts subtending inflorescence 1 or more2, mostly leaflike; bracts subtending inflorescence branches 1–2, reduced; bracteoles subtending solitary flower 0–2, translucent, reduced. |
Flowers | tepals tan or darker, usually with greenish midstripe, lanceolate, 1.9–3.5 mm; inner slightly shorter; stamens 3, filaments 0.5–0.8 mm, anthers 0.5–0.8 mm; style 0.2 mm. |
usually bisexual, radially symmetric; sepals and petals similar, persistent, green to brown or purplish black; stamens usually 3 or 6; anthers persistent, linear; pistils 1; ovaries superior, locules 1 or 3, placentas 1 and basal or 3 and axile or parietal; stigmas generally longer than styles. |
Fruits | capsules, loculicidal. |
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Capsules | greenish tan or darker, 3-locular, broadly ellipsoid to oblate, 1.5–3.2 mm. |
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Seeds | amber, (0.3–)0.4–0.5 mm. |
3–many, often with white appendages on 1 or both ends. |
2n | = 40, 42. |
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Juncus effusus |
Juncaceae |
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Phenology | Flowering summer, fruiting summer–fall. | |
Habitat | Swamps and their edges, marshes, moist meadows, and moist or saturated soils, often conspicuous in pasture meadows where it is shunned by grazing animals | |
Elevation | Habitat??; 0–2500 m (Habitat??; 0–8200 ft) | |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WV; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC
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Arctic and temperate regions; tropical mountains |
Discussion | The Juncus effusus complex has been variously recognized as containing several species or a single species with numerous infraspecific taxa. Unfortunately, North American treatments have dealt primarily with taxa in either the eastern or western portions of the continent. In considering the continent as a whole, little sense can be made of these treatments. The North American J. effusus complex is one that is in obvious need of modern systematic scrutiny. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Genera 9, species ca. 350 (2 genera, 1108 species in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Key | ||
Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22, p. 211. |
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Genuini | |
Sibling taxa | ||
Subordinate taxa | ||
Synonyms | J. conglomeratus, J. effusus var. brunneus, J. effusus var. caeruleomontanus, J. effusus var. costulatus, J. effusus var. dicipiens, J. effusus var. exiguus, J. effusus var. gracilis, J. effusus var. pylaei, J. effusus var. solutus, J. effusus var. subglomeratus, J. griscomii | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 326. (1753) | A. L. Jussieu |
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