The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

dubius rush, mariposa rush, questionable rush

jonc, rush

Habit Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous, 3–7.5 dm. Herbs, perennial or rarely annual, rhizomatous or cespitose.
Rhizomes

2–3 mm diam., not swollen.

Culms

erect, terete, 2–4 mm diam., smooth or rugulose.

round or flattened in cross section.

Cataphylls

1–2, pink to straw-colored, apex acute.

often present at culm base.

Leaves

basal 1–2, cauline 1–2;

auricles 1–4.9 mm, , apex rounded, membranaceous;

blade green to straw-colored, terete, 20–30 cm × 1.5–4 mm, rugulose or smooth.

sheaths open;

blade flat, channeled, ensiform or terete, sometimes septate, margins involute.

Inflorescences

terminal panicles of 25–66 heads, 7–13 cm, branches spreading;

primary bract erect;

heads 6–10-flowered, hemispheric to obovoid, 5–10 mm diam.

terminal or pseudoaxillary, monochasia or dichasia, usually with monochasial branches, cymes or 1–many heads in racemes or panicles;

bracteoles 2 or absent.

Flowers

tepals straw-colored to brown, lanceolate, apex acuminate;

outer tepals (2–)2.5–3.4 mm;

inner tepals (2–)2.6–3.6 mm;

stamens 6, anthers 1.5–2 times filament length.

tepals (4–)6 in 2 whorls;

stamens (2–)3–6.

Capsules

exserted, chestnut brown, 1-locular, subuloidsubulate, (2.4–)3–3.9 mm, apex tapering to subulate tip, valves separating at dehiscence.

1-locular or 3-locular, septicidal.

Seeds

obovoid, 0.3–0.4 mm, not tailed.

many, ellipsoid to ovoid, sometimes tailed.

2n

= 40.

Juncus dubius

Juncus

Phenology Fruiting early summer–late fall.
Habitat Montane meadows, riverbeds, canyons, aroyos
Elevation 100–1600 m (300–5200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
Worldwide except Antarctica
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Juncus dubius has rugulose stems and leaves throughout most of its range, but on the periphery (in Mariposa, San Diego, and Sonoma counties, California) the plants are smooth.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Species ca. 300 (95 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Flowers borne singly; bracteoles present (except J. pelocarpus, J. subtilis).
→ 2
1. Flowers in heads; bracteoles absent.
→ 4
2. Inflorescences appearing lateral, inflorescence bract terete, erect, appearing to be continuation of culm; basal leaves bladeless, cauline leaves absent
subg. Genuini
2. Inflorescences appearing terminal, inflorescence bract erect or ascending, flat, involute or terete; basal leaves (at least some) usually with blade, cauline leaves present or absent.
→ 3
3. Leaves terete, septate; capsules beaked
subg. Septati
3. Leaves flat, involute or terete, not septate; capsule rarely beaked
subg. Poiophylli
4. Leaves flat or ensiform.
→ 5
4. Leaves terete or compressed.
→ 6
5. Leaves ensiform, imperfectly septate
subg. Ensifolii
5. Leaves flat, not septate
subg. Graminifolii
6. Capsules large; seeds large, long tailed; leaves not noticeably septate
subg. Alpini
6. Capsules smaller; seeds not tailed or if tailed not long; leaves septate or not.
→ 7
7. Leaves not septate; plants halophytic
subg. Juncus
7. Leaves septate; plants usually of fresh water habitats
subg. Septati
Source FNA vol. 22. FNA vol. 22. Authors: Ralph E. Brooks*, Steven E. Clemants*.
Parent taxa Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Septati Juncaceae
Sibling taxa
J. acuminatus, J. acutiflorus, J. acutus, J. alpinoarticulatus, J. anthelatus, J. arcticus, J. articulatus, J. biglumis, J. bolanderi, J. brachycarpus, J. brachycephalus, J. brachyphyllus, J. brevicaudatus, J. bryoides, J. bufonius, J. bulbosus, J. caesariensis, J. canadensis, J. capillaris, J. capitatus, J. castaneus, J. chlorocephalus, J. compressus, J. confusus, J. cooperi, J. coriaceus, J. covillei, J. debilis, J. dichotomus, J. diffusissimus, J. drummondii, J. dudleyi, J. effusus, J. elliottii, J. ensifolius, J. falcatus, J. filiformis, J. filipendulus, J. georgianus, J. gerardii, J. greenei, J. gymnocarpus, J. hallii, J. hemiendytus, J. howellii, J. inflexus, J. interior, J. kelloggii, J. leiospermus, J. lesueurii, J. longistylis, J. luciensis, J. macrandrus, J. macrophyllus, J. marginatus, J. maritimus, J. megacephalus, J. mertensianus, J. militaris, J. nevadensis, J. nodatus, J. nodosus, J. occidentalis, J. orthophyllus, J. oxymeris, J. parryi, J. patens, J. pelocarpus, J. pervetus, J. phaeocephalus, J. polycephalus, J. regelii, J. repens, J. roemerianus, J. scirpoides, J. secundus, J. squarrosus, J. stygius, J. subcaudatus, J. subtilis, J. supiniformis, J. tenuis, J. texanus, J. textilis, J. tiehmii, J. torreyi, J. trifidus, J. triformis, J. triglumis, J. trigonocarpus, J. uncialis, J. validus, J. vaseyi, J. xiphioides
Subordinate taxa
J. subg. Alpini, J. subg. Ensifolii, J. subg. Genuini, J. subg. Graminifolii, J. subg. Juncus, J. subg. Poiophylli, J. subg. Septati
Synonyms J. rugulosus
Name authority Engelmann Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 325. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5; 152, (1754)
Web links