Juncus capitatus |
Juncus xiphioides |
|
---|---|---|
capitate rush, dwarf rush, leafy-bract dwarf rush |
iris-leaf rush |
|
Habit | Herbs, annual, cespitose, 0.3–1 dm. | Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous, 5–9 dm. |
Rhizomes | 2–3 mm diam. |
|
Culms | to 20. |
erect, 2–6 mm diam. |
Cataphylls | 0 or 1–2, straw-colored, apex narrowly acute. |
|
Leaves | basal; auricles absent; blade 0.5–2.5 cm × 0.5 mm. |
basal 1–3, cauline 2–6, straw-colored; auricles absent; blade 10–40 cm x (3–)7–12 mm. |
Inflorescences | glomerules 1–2, each with 2–10(–14) flowers; bracts subtending inflorescence 1(–2), foliose, clearly surpassing inflorescence. |
panicles or racemes of 20–50 heads, 2–14 cm, erect or ascending branches; primary bract erect; heads 15–70-flowered, obovoid to globose, 7–11 mm diam. |
Flowers | tepals 6, tan to brownish, subulate, lanceolate-ovate, 3.5–4.5(–5) mm, 2 times length of inner tepals, margins scarious; inner series delicate, shorter, apex acute; stamens 3, filaments 1 mm, anthers 0.5 mm; style 0.4–0.7 mm. |
tepals green to brown or reddish brown, lanceolate, 2.4–3.7 mm, nearly equal, apex acuminate; stamens 6; anthers ½1/2 to equal filament length. |
Capsules | tan to reddish brown, 3-locular, globose to obovoid, 1.2–1.7 mm, shorter than tepals. |
slightly exserted, chestnut to dark brown, 1-locular, ellipsoid, 2.4–3.8 mm, apex acuminate, not beaked. |
Seeds | ellipsoid-ovoid, 0.3–0.4 mm. |
elliptic to obovate, 0.4–0.6 mm, not tailed. |
2n | = 18. |
= 40. |
Juncus capitatus |
Juncus xiphioides |
|
Phenology | Flowering and fruiting spring. | Fruiting early summer–fall. |
Habitat | Moist to wet areas, usually in sandy, often disturbed soil such as roadsides or along trails | Salt marshes, moist areas, ditches, springs, lake and stream shores |
Elevation | below 1000 m (below 3300 ft) | 500–1600 m (1600–5200 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; LA; OK; TX; native; Africa (north); Europe; Asia (Near East) [Introduced in North America]
|
AZ; CA; NM; NV; UT; Mexico (Baja California)
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Discussion | This species and the next (Juncus ensifolius) are closely related and have been treated as members of a single species (J. xiphioides) by Engelmann. Until a study of the complete subgenus is done, we are hesitant to use a varietal name (J. xiphioides var. triandrus) for the widespread western taxon J. ensifolius. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Graminifolii | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Ensifolii |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | J. xiphioides var. auratus, J. xiphioides var. littoralis | |
Name authority | Weigel: Observ. Bot. 28. (1772) | E. Meyer: Synopsis Juncorum 50. (1822) |
Web links |