Juncus canadensis |
Juncus interior |
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Canada rush, Canadian rush |
inland rush, interior juncus, interior rush |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, 3–10 dm. | Herbs, perennial, tufted, 2–6 dm. |
Rhizomes | densely branching. |
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Culms | erect, 1–5 mm diam., smooth. |
1–10. |
Cataphylls | 0 or 1–2, straw-colored, apex rounded. |
1–3. |
Leaves | basal 1, cauline 2–3; auricles 1–1.2 mm, apex rounded, scarious; blade terete, 7–22 cm × 1.2–3 mm. |
basal, 1–2(–3); auricles whitish or purplish tinged, 0.2–0.4(–0.6) mm, scarious; blade flat, 5–15 cm × 0.5–1.1 mm, margins entire. |
Inflorescences | panicles or racemes of 3–50 heads, 2–20 cm, branches erect to ascending; primary bract erect; heads 5–50-flowered, obconic to spheric, 3–10 mm diam. |
usually somewhat compact, 1.5–7 cm; primary bract usually shorter than inflorescence. |
Flowers | tepals green or straw-colored to reddish brown, lanceolate; outer tepals 2.7–3.8 mm, apex acuminate; inner tepals 2.9–4 mm, apex acuminate; stamens 3(–6), anthers 1/2 filament length. |
bracteoles 2; tepals greenish, lanceolate, 3.3–4.4 mm, apex acuminate; stamens 6, filaments 0.5–0.9 mm, anthers 0.4–0.6 mm; style 0.1–0.2 mm. |
Capsules | equaling perianth or exserted, chestnut brown, imperfectly 3-locular, lanceoloid, 3.3–4.5 mm, acute proximal to beak, valves separating at dehiscence. |
light tan or darker, 1-locular to pseudo-3-locular, ellipsoid to nearly globose, (3.3–)3.8–4.7 mm, nearly equal to or longer than tepals. |
Seeds | fusiform, 1.1–1.9 mm, tailed; body covered with whitish translucent veil. |
tan, ellipsoid to lunate, 0.436–0.73 mm, not tailed. |
2n | = 80. |
= 80. |
Juncus canadensis |
Juncus interior |
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Phenology | Fruiting mid summer–fall. | Flowering and fruiting late spring–early summer. |
Habitat | Salt, brackish, and calcareous marshes, acid bogs, roadsides, tidal flats, swamps, patterned fen, lake shores, beaches | Dry, often upland sites in prairies, exposed disturbed sites, and ditches in sandy or clayey soils |
Elevation | 0–200 m (0–700 ft) | |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM
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AR; AZ; CO; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NM; OH; OK; SD; TN; UT; WI; WY; AB; MB; ON; QC; SK; Texas
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Discussion | Two varieties and two forms occurring within the flora have been recognized (M. L. Fernald 1945b). Juncus canadensis var. sparsiflorus has stiffly erect inflorescence branches, and the flowers are generally longer than those of var. canadensis. These varieties simply serve to give name to parts of the broad morphologic range of variation encountered in J. canadensis and do not appear to represent any distinct biological entities. Juncus canadensis and the following three species form a distinctive group: they have ve been variously treated as speecies (as here), varieties of J. canadensis, or as two species, J. canadensis and a polymorphic species, J. brachysephalus, encompassing the other three species (B. Boivin 1967–1979, part IV). Most of the species are easily recognized at their extremes but show a fair amount of overlap. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | J. canadensis var. longicaudatus, J. canadensis var. sparsiflorus, J. longicaudatus, J. polycephalus var. paradoxus | J. arizonicus, J. interior var. arizonicus, J. interior var. neomexicanus, J. monostichus, J. neomexicanus |
Name authority | J. Gay ex Laharpe: in J. J. C. de Laharpe, Essai Monogr. Jonc. 46. (1825) | Wiegand: Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 27: 516. (1900) |
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