Juncus bufonius |
Juncus regelii |
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common toad rush, toad rush |
Regel rush, Regel's rush |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, cespitose, 0.5–4 dm. | Herbs, perennial, 2–6 dm. |
Rhizomes | long creeping. |
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Culms | 1–many, occasionally becoming decumbent. |
erect, slightly compressed, never rooting at nodes. |
Cataphylls | 0–2. |
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Leaves | basal and cauline; auricles rudimentary or absent; blade flat, 3–13 cm × 0.3–1.1 mm. |
basal several, cauline 1–3; auricles absent, or essentially so; blade flat, 0.5–3 dm × 1.5–4 mm. |
Inflorescences | loose and diffuse or less often compact, usually at least ½1/2 total height of plant; primary bract shorter than inflorescence. |
glomerules 1–5, each with (8–)10–30 flowers, congested to open, 2–6 cm; primary bract shorter than inflorescence. |
Flowers | bracteoles 2; tepals greenish, lanceolate, 3.8–7(–8.5) mm; inner series slightly shorter, apex sometimes obtuse; stamens 3–6, filaments (0.7–)1–1.8 mm, anthers 0.3–0.8 mm; style 0.1–0.2 mm. |
tepals dark brown with green midstripe, lanceolate, 4–6 mm, margins scarious, occasionally papillose; inner series slightly shorter; stamens 6, filaments 1–1.3 mm, anthers 1–1.5 mm; style 0.6 mm. |
Capsules | tan to reddish brown, 3-locular, ellipsoid to narrowly so, slightly truncate, 2.7–4 × 1–1.5 mm, sometimes exceeding inner tepals but usually not outer series. |
tan or darker, 3-locular, obovoid, 3–5 mm, shorter than perianth. |
Seeds | yellowish, widely ellipsoid to ovoid, 0.26–0.49, not tailed. |
ovoid, body 0.6–0.8 mm, tails 0.2–0.4 mm. |
2n | = 27–37, 58–81, 108–115. |
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Juncus bufonius |
Juncus regelii |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting spring–early fall. | Flowering and fruiting summer. |
Habitat | Moist soils in meadows, along lakeshores or stream banks, ditches, or roadsides, especially frequent in drawdown areas, usually in open sites and often becoming weedy | Moist to wet meadows in montane or subalpine areas |
Elevation | 540–3000 m (1800–9800 ft) | |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Greenland; nearly worldwide
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CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC
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Discussion | Nearly worldwide, Juncus bufonius is found essentially throughout North America except north of the Alaskan and Canadian tTaiga. Juncus bufonius is a highly polymorphic complex that is poorly understood systematically. Insufficient evidence exists upon which to base the segregation of the plethora of taxa that have been recognized out of this group in the past. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Poiophylli | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Graminifolii |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | J. bufonius var. congestus, J. bufonius var. halophilus, J. bufonius var. hybridus, J. bufonius var. occidentalis, J. bufonius var. ranarius, J. congestus, J. ranarius | J. jonesii |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 328. (1753) | Buchenau: Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 12: 414. (1890) |
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