Juncus bufonius |
Juncus patens |
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common toad rush, toad rush |
California grey rush, gray rush, rush, spreading rush |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, cespitose, 0.5–4 dm. | Herbs, perennial, occasionally tufted, occasionally rhizomatous, 3–9 dm. |
Rhizomes | , if present, short. |
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Culms | 1–many, occasionally becoming decumbent. |
green or glaucous, 1.5–2.5 mm diam. |
Cataphylls | 0–2. |
several. |
Leaves | basal and cauline; auricles rudimentary or absent; blade flat, 3–13 cm × 0.3–1.1 mm. |
blade absent. |
Inflorescences | loose and diffuse or less often compact, usually at least ½1/2 total height of plant; primary bract shorter than inflorescence. |
lateral, many flowered, loose to congested, 2–9 cm; primary bract exceeding inflorescence. |
Flowers | bracteoles 2; tepals greenish, lanceolate, 3.8–7(–8.5) mm; inner series slightly shorter, apex sometimes obtuse; stamens 3–6, filaments (0.7–)1–1.8 mm, anthers 0.3–0.8 mm; style 0.1–0.2 mm. |
variously pedicellate; bracteoles membranous; tepals greenish, light brown or reddish, lanceolate, 2.3–3 mm; inner series nearly equal, margins scarious; stamens 6, filaments 0.6–1 mm, anthers 0.4–0.6 mm; style 0.1 mm. |
Capsules | tan to reddish brown, 3-locular, ellipsoid to narrowly so, slightly truncate, 2.7–4 × 1–1.5 mm, sometimes exceeding inner tepals but usually not outer series. |
3-locular or pseudo-3-locular, nearly globose, 2–2.7 mm, equal to or exceeding perianth. |
Seeds | yellowish, widely ellipsoid to ovoid, 0.26–0.49, not tailed. |
dark amber, oblate, 0.4–0.5 mm. |
2n | = 27–37, 58–81, 108–115. |
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Juncus bufonius |
Juncus patens |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting spring–early fall. | Flowering and fruiting summer. |
Habitat | Moist soils in meadows, along lakeshores or stream banks, ditches, or roadsides, especially frequent in drawdown areas, usually in open sites and often becoming weedy | Stream banks, lake or pond shores, ditches, and other wet places in sandy or clayey soils |
Elevation | 0–1600 m (0–5200 ft) | |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Greenland; nearly worldwide
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CA; OR; WA; nw Mexico
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Discussion | Nearly worldwide, Juncus bufonius is found essentially throughout North America except north of the Alaskan and Canadian tTaiga. Juncus bufonius is a highly polymorphic complex that is poorly understood systematically. Insufficient evidence exists upon which to base the segregation of the plethora of taxa that have been recognized out of this group in the past. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Poiophylli | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Genuini |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | J. bufonius var. congestus, J. bufonius var. halophilus, J. bufonius var. hybridus, J. bufonius var. occidentalis, J. bufonius var. ranarius, J. congestus, J. ranarius | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 328. (1753) | E. Meyer: Syn. Luzul. 28. (1823) |
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