Juncus bufonius |
Juncus interior |
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common toad rush, toad rush |
inland rush, interior juncus, interior rush |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, cespitose, 0.5–4 dm. | Herbs, perennial, tufted, 2–6 dm. |
Rhizomes | densely branching. |
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Culms | 1–many, occasionally becoming decumbent. |
1–10. |
Cataphylls | 0–2. |
1–3. |
Leaves | basal and cauline; auricles rudimentary or absent; blade flat, 3–13 cm × 0.3–1.1 mm. |
basal, 1–2(–3); auricles whitish or purplish tinged, 0.2–0.4(–0.6) mm, scarious; blade flat, 5–15 cm × 0.5–1.1 mm, margins entire. |
Inflorescences | loose and diffuse or less often compact, usually at least ½1/2 total height of plant; primary bract shorter than inflorescence. |
usually somewhat compact, 1.5–7 cm; primary bract usually shorter than inflorescence. |
Flowers | bracteoles 2; tepals greenish, lanceolate, 3.8–7(–8.5) mm; inner series slightly shorter, apex sometimes obtuse; stamens 3–6, filaments (0.7–)1–1.8 mm, anthers 0.3–0.8 mm; style 0.1–0.2 mm. |
bracteoles 2; tepals greenish, lanceolate, 3.3–4.4 mm, apex acuminate; stamens 6, filaments 0.5–0.9 mm, anthers 0.4–0.6 mm; style 0.1–0.2 mm. |
Capsules | tan to reddish brown, 3-locular, ellipsoid to narrowly so, slightly truncate, 2.7–4 × 1–1.5 mm, sometimes exceeding inner tepals but usually not outer series. |
light tan or darker, 1-locular to pseudo-3-locular, ellipsoid to nearly globose, (3.3–)3.8–4.7 mm, nearly equal to or longer than tepals. |
Seeds | yellowish, widely ellipsoid to ovoid, 0.26–0.49, not tailed. |
tan, ellipsoid to lunate, 0.436–0.73 mm, not tailed. |
2n | = 27–37, 58–81, 108–115. |
= 80. |
Juncus bufonius |
Juncus interior |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting spring–early fall. | Flowering and fruiting late spring–early summer. |
Habitat | Moist soils in meadows, along lakeshores or stream banks, ditches, or roadsides, especially frequent in drawdown areas, usually in open sites and often becoming weedy | Dry, often upland sites in prairies, exposed disturbed sites, and ditches in sandy or clayey soils |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Greenland; nearly worldwide
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AR; AZ; CO; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NM; OH; OK; SD; TN; UT; WI; WY; AB; MB; ON; QC; SK; Texas
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Discussion | Nearly worldwide, Juncus bufonius is found essentially throughout North America except north of the Alaskan and Canadian tTaiga. Juncus bufonius is a highly polymorphic complex that is poorly understood systematically. Insufficient evidence exists upon which to base the segregation of the plethora of taxa that have been recognized out of this group in the past. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Poiophylli | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Poiophylli |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | J. bufonius var. congestus, J. bufonius var. halophilus, J. bufonius var. hybridus, J. bufonius var. occidentalis, J. bufonius var. ranarius, J. congestus, J. ranarius | J. arizonicus, J. interior var. arizonicus, J. interior var. neomexicanus, J. monostichus, J. neomexicanus |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 328. (1753) | Wiegand: Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 27: 516. (1900) |
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