Juncus bufonius |
Juncus hemiendytus |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
common toad rush, toad rush |
blood rush, dwarf rush, Herman's dwarf rush, Hermann's dwarf rush, juncus hemiendytus |
|||||
Habit | Herbs, annual, cespitose, 0.5–4 dm. | Herbs, annual, cespitose, 0.03–0.36 dm. | ||||
Culms | 1–many, occasionally becoming decumbent. |
to 5. |
||||
Cataphylls | 0–2. |
|||||
Leaves | basal and cauline; auricles rudimentary or absent; blade flat, 3–13 cm × 0.3–1.1 mm. |
to 1.8 cm, 1/2–1 1/3 height of plant. |
||||
Inflorescences | loose and diffuse or less often compact, usually at least ½1/2 total height of plant; primary bract shorter than inflorescence. |
solitary flowers. |
||||
Flowers | bracteoles 2; tepals greenish, lanceolate, 3.8–7(–8.5) mm; inner series slightly shorter, apex sometimes obtuse; stamens 3–6, filaments (0.7–)1–1.8 mm, anthers 0.3–0.8 mm; style 0.1–0.2 mm. |
2-merous; : tepals 4(–6), erect to recurved at maturity, reddish, 1.5–3 × 0.5–1.2 mm; outer and outer series nearly equal, apex rounded to acute; stamens 2(–3), filaments 0.5–1.4 mm, anthers 0.3–0.7 mm; style 0.1–0.4 mm, stigma 2(–3), 0.3–1 mm. |
||||
Capsules | tan to reddish brown, 3-locular, ellipsoid to narrowly so, slightly truncate, 2.7–4 × 1–1.5 mm, sometimes exceeding inner tepals but usually not outer series. |
reddish, 2–- or 3-locular, obovoid to ellipsoid or oblate, 1.9–3.5 × 1–2 mm. |
||||
Seeds | yellowish, widely ellipsoid to ovoid, 0.26–0.49, not tailed. |
ovoid to oblate, 0.3–0.55 mm. |
||||
2n | = 27–37, 58–81, 108–115. |
|||||
Juncus bufonius |
Juncus hemiendytus |
|||||
Phenology | Flowering and fruiting spring–early fall. | |||||
Habitat | Moist soils in meadows, along lakeshores or stream banks, ditches, or roadsides, especially frequent in drawdown areas, usually in open sites and often becoming weedy | |||||
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Greenland; nearly worldwide
|
|||||
Discussion | Nearly worldwide, Juncus bufonius is found essentially throughout North America except north of the Alaskan and Canadian tTaiga. Juncus bufonius is a highly polymorphic complex that is poorly understood systematically. Insufficient evidence exists upon which to base the segregation of the plethora of taxa that have been recognized out of this group in the past. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||
Key |
|
|||||
Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22, p. 232. | ||||
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Poiophylli | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Graminifolii | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | J. bufonius var. congestus, J. bufonius var. halophilus, J. bufonius var. hybridus, J. bufonius var. occidentalis, J. bufonius var. ranarius, J. congestus, J. ranarius | J. brachystylus, J. brachystylus var. uniflorus, J. triformis var. uniflorus | ||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 328. (1753) | F. J. Hermann: Leaflets of Western Botany 5: 118. (1948) | ||||
Web links |
|
|