Juncus bufonius |
Juncus hallii |
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common toad rush, toad rush |
Hall's rush |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, cespitose, 0.5–4 dm. | Herbs, perennial, strongly tufted, to 4 dm. |
Rhizomes | densely short-branched. |
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Culms | 1–many, occasionally becoming decumbent. |
terete. |
Cataphylls | 0–2. |
several. |
Leaves | basal and cauline; auricles rudimentary or absent; blade flat, 3–13 cm × 0.3–1.1 mm. |
auricles 0.2 mm, apex acutish to rounded, scarious; blade 4–15 cm. |
Inflorescences | loose and diffuse or less often compact, usually at least ½1/2 total height of plant; primary bract shorter than inflorescence. |
2–7-flowered, loose to congested; primary bract usually longer than inflorescence. |
Flowers | bracteoles 2; tepals greenish, lanceolate, 3.8–7(–8.5) mm; inner series slightly shorter, apex sometimes obtuse; stamens 3–6, filaments (0.7–)1–1.8 mm, anthers 0.3–0.8 mm; style 0.1–0.2 mm. |
pedicellate; bracteoles ovate; tepals light brown with green midstripe, lanceolate or widely so, 4–5 mm, margins scarious; inner series loosely subtending capsule at maturity, shorter; stamens 6, filaments 0.8 mm, anthers 0.8–1.1 mm; style 0.2 mm. |
Capsules | tan to reddish brown, 3-locular, ellipsoid to narrowly so, slightly truncate, 2.7–4 × 1–1.5 mm, sometimes exceeding inner tepals but usually not outer series. |
brown, 3-locular, oblong-ovoid, 3.5–5 × 1.5–1.9 mm, slightly exceeding perianth. |
Seeds | yellowish, widely ellipsoid to ovoid, 0.26–0.49, not tailed. |
amber, body 0.5 mm, tails 0.3 mm. |
2n | = 27–37, 58–81, 108–115. |
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Juncus bufonius |
Juncus hallii |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting spring–early fall. | Flowering and fruiting summer. |
Habitat | Moist soils in meadows, along lakeshores or stream banks, ditches, or roadsides, especially frequent in drawdown areas, usually in open sites and often becoming weedy | Exposed slopes, stream banks, and meadows in montane and alpine areas |
Elevation | 1600–3000 m (5200–9800 ft) | |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Greenland; nearly worldwide
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CO; ID; MT; UT; WA; WY |
Discussion | Nearly worldwide, Juncus bufonius is found essentially throughout North America except north of the Alaskan and Canadian tTaiga. Juncus bufonius is a highly polymorphic complex that is poorly understood systematically. Insufficient evidence exists upon which to base the segregation of the plethora of taxa that have been recognized out of this group in the past. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Poiophylli | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Genuini |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | J. bufonius var. congestus, J. bufonius var. halophilus, J. bufonius var. hybridus, J. bufonius var. occidentalis, J. bufonius var. ranarius, J. congestus, J. ranarius | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 328. (1753) | Engelmann |
Web links |
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