Juncus bufonius |
Juncus greenei |
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common toad rush, toad rush |
Greene's rush, jonc de Greene |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, cespitose, 0.5–4 dm. | Herbs, perennial, tufted, to 7 dm. |
Rhizomes | short, densely branched. |
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Culms | 1–many, occasionally becoming decumbent. |
1–30. |
Cataphylls | 0–2. |
1–2. |
Leaves | basal and cauline; auricles rudimentary or absent; blade flat, 3–13 cm × 0.3–1.1 mm. |
basal, (1–)2–3; auricles (0.2–)0.4–0.6 (–0.8) mm, scarious, rarely ± leathery; ; blade dark green, nearly terete, 5–30 cm × 0.4–0.8 mm, margins entire. |
Inflorescences | loose and diffuse or less often compact, usually at least ½1/2 total height of plant; primary bract shorter than inflorescence. |
terminal, 5–50-flowered, usually congested, 1–8 cm; primary bract usually surpassing inflorescence. |
Flowers | bracteoles 2; tepals greenish, lanceolate, 3.8–7(–8.5) mm; inner series slightly shorter, apex sometimes obtuse; stamens 3–6, filaments (0.7–)1–1.8 mm, anthers 0.3–0.8 mm; style 0.1–0.2 mm. |
bracteoles 2; tepals dark green or darker, lanceolate, 2.5–4.2 mm; outer and inner series nearly equal, apex acute; stamens 6, filaments 0.5–0.8 mm, anthers 0.5–0.8 mm; style 0.2 mm. |
Capsules | tan to reddish brown, 3-locular, ellipsoid to narrowly so, slightly truncate, 2.7–4 × 1–1.5 mm, sometimes exceeding inner tepals but usually not outer series. |
chestnut brown or dark brown, infrequently lighter, 3-locular, ellipsoid, (2.5–)2.9–3.5(–4) × (1.1–)1.5–1.8 mm, slightly exceeding tepals, apex somewhat truncate. |
Seeds | yellowish, widely ellipsoid to ovoid, 0.26–0.49, not tailed. |
dark tan, ellipsoid to lunate, 0.48–0.65–(0.7) mm, not tailed. |
2n | = 27–37, 58–81, 108–115. |
= ca. 80. |
Juncus bufonius |
Juncus greenei |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting spring–early fall. | Flowering and fruiting summer. |
Habitat | Moist soils in meadows, along lakeshores or stream banks, ditches, or roadsides, especially frequent in drawdown areas, usually in open sites and often becoming weedy | Usually dry, well-drained, sandy soil in pine lands, near lake shores, or among sand dunes and often associated with disturbance |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Greenland; nearly worldwide
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CT; IA; IL; IN; MA; ME; MI; MN; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; VT; WI; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC
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Discussion | Nearly worldwide, Juncus bufonius is found essentially throughout North America except north of the Alaskan and Canadian tTaiga. Juncus bufonius is a highly polymorphic complex that is poorly understood systematically. Insufficient evidence exists upon which to base the segregation of the plethora of taxa that have been recognized out of this group in the past. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Poiophylli | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Poiophylli |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | J. bufonius var. congestus, J. bufonius var. halophilus, J. bufonius var. hybridus, J. bufonius var. occidentalis, J. bufonius var. ranarius, J. congestus, J. ranarius | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 328. (1753) | Oakes & Tuckerman: American Journal of Science, and Arts 45:37. (1843) |
Web links |
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