Juncus bufonius |
Juncus filipendulus |
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common toad rush, toad rush |
ringseed rush |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, cespitose, 0.5–4 dm. | Herbs, perennial, tufted, 1.5–3.5 dm. |
Rhizomes | poorly developed. |
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Culms | 1–many, occasionally becoming decumbent. |
erect, compressed, bases often swollen. |
Cataphylls | 0–2. |
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Leaves | basal and cauline; auricles rudimentary or absent; blade flat, 3–13 cm × 0.3–1.1 mm. |
basal 2–4, cauline 1–3; auricles 0.5–1 mm, apex rounded to nearly acute; blade flat, 3–15 cm × 1–2.5 mm. |
Inflorescences | loose and diffuse or less often compact, usually at least ½1/2 total height of plant; primary bract shorter than inflorescence. |
glomerules, (1–)2–5(–10), each with (3–)6–15 flowers, open; primary bract shorter than inflorescence. |
Flowers | bracteoles 2; tepals greenish, lanceolate, 3.8–7(–8.5) mm; inner series slightly shorter, apex sometimes obtuse; stamens 3–6, filaments (0.7–)1–1.8 mm, anthers 0.3–0.8 mm; style 0.1–0.2 mm. |
tepals straw-colored with green midstripe, lanceolate or widely so, 3.5–5 mm, margins sometimes clear; outer and inner series nearly equal; stamens 3, filaments 1.5 mm, anthers 0.5 mm; style 0.5 mm. |
Capsules | tan to reddish brown, 3-locular, ellipsoid to narrowly so, slightly truncate, 2.7–4 × 1–1.5 mm, sometimes exceeding inner tepals but usually not outer series. |
tan to reddish brown, 3-locular, obovoid, 2.6–3.2 mm, shorter than perianth. |
Seeds | yellowish, widely ellipsoid to ovoid, 0.26–0.49, not tailed. |
fusiform, 0.5–0.6 mm, not tailed. |
2n | = 27–37, 58–81, 108–115. |
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Juncus bufonius |
Juncus filipendulus |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting spring–early fall. | Flowering and fruiting spring–early summer. |
Habitat | Moist soils in meadows, along lakeshores or stream banks, ditches, or roadsides, especially frequent in drawdown areas, usually in open sites and often becoming weedy | Moist, usually calcareous soils of swales or glades, occasionally in shallow water along streams |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Greenland; nearly worldwide
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AL; AR; GA; KY; LA; MS; OK; TN; TX
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Discussion | Nearly worldwide, Juncus bufonius is found essentially throughout North America except north of the Alaskan and Canadian tTaiga. Juncus bufonius is a highly polymorphic complex that is poorly understood systematically. Insufficient evidence exists upon which to base the segregation of the plethora of taxa that have been recognized out of this group in the past. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Poiophylli | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Graminifolii |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | J. bufonius var. congestus, J. bufonius var. halophilus, J. bufonius var. hybridus, J. bufonius var. occidentalis, J. bufonius var. ranarius, J. congestus, J. ranarius | J. leptocaulis |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 328. (1753) | Buckley: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 14: 8. (1862) |
Web links |
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