Juncus bufonius |
Juncus filiformis |
|
---|---|---|
common toad rush, toad rush |
thread rush |
|
Habit | Herbs, annual, cespitose, 0.5–4 dm. | Herbs, perennial, 0.2–3.5 dm. |
Rhizomes | widely creeping, sparingly branched, 1.5–2 mm diam., nodes closely set. |
|
Culms | 1–many, occasionally becoming decumbent. |
terete, 1 mm diam. |
Cataphylls | 0–2. |
several. |
Leaves | basal and cauline; auricles rudimentary or absent; blade flat, 3–13 cm × 0.3–1.1 mm. |
blade absent. |
Inflorescences | loose and diffuse or less often compact, usually at least ½1/2 total height of plant; primary bract shorter than inflorescence. |
3–10(–12)-flowered, loosely congested, 1–2 cm; primary bract terete, nearly equaling to much longer than culm. |
Flowers | bracteoles 2; tepals greenish, lanceolate, 3.8–7(–8.5) mm; inner series slightly shorter, apex sometimes obtuse; stamens 3–6, filaments (0.7–)1–1.8 mm, anthers 0.3–0.8 mm; style 0.1–0.2 mm. |
pedicellate; bracteoles broadly ovate, tepals light brown or green, lanceolate, 2.5–4.2 mm; inner series loosely subtending capsule at maturity, slightly shorter, margins scarious; stamens 6, filaments 0.5–0.9 mm, anthers 0.5–0.7 mm; style 0.2 mm. |
Capsules | tan to reddish brown, 3-locular, ellipsoid to narrowly so, slightly truncate, 2.7–4 × 1–1.5 mm, sometimes exceeding inner tepals but usually not outer series. |
tan, 3-locular, nearly globose, 2.5–3 × 1.8–2.1 mm, shorter than perianth. |
Seeds | yellowish, widely ellipsoid to ovoid, 0.26–0.49, not tailed. |
amber, 0.5–0.6 mm, not tailed. |
2n | = 27–37, 58–81, 108–115. |
= 40, 70, 80, 84. |
Juncus bufonius |
Juncus filiformis |
|
Phenology | Flowering and fruiting spring–early fall. | Flowering and fruiting summer. |
Habitat | Moist soils in meadows, along lakeshores or stream banks, ditches, or roadsides, especially frequent in drawdown areas, usually in open sites and often becoming weedy | Usually sandy, moist or wet soil along stream banks, pools, lakes or in meadow depressions, rarely in bogs, frequently hidden by larger vegetation |
Elevation | 0–3000 m (0–9800 ft) | |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Greenland; nearly worldwide
|
AK; CO; ID; MA; ME; MI; MN; MT; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OR; PA; UT; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM; Greenland; Eurasia; Atlantic Islands (Iceland)
|
Discussion | Nearly worldwide, Juncus bufonius is found essentially throughout North America except north of the Alaskan and Canadian tTaiga. Juncus bufonius is a highly polymorphic complex that is poorly understood systematically. Insufficient evidence exists upon which to base the segregation of the plethora of taxa that have been recognized out of this group in the past. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Poiophylli | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Genuini |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | J. bufonius var. congestus, J. bufonius var. halophilus, J. bufonius var. hybridus, J. bufonius var. occidentalis, J. bufonius var. ranarius, J. congestus, J. ranarius | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 328. (1753) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 326. (1753) |
Web links |
|