Juncus bufonius |
Juncus elliottii |
|
---|---|---|
common toad rush, toad rush |
Elliott's rush |
|
Habit | Herbs, annual, cespitose, 0.5–4 dm. | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, 3–9 dm. |
Roots | often with terminal tubers. |
|
Culms | 1–many, occasionally becoming decumbent. |
erect, terete, 1–3 mm diam., smooth. |
Cataphylls | 0–2. |
1, maroon to brown, apex acute. |
Leaves | basal and cauline; auricles rudimentary or absent; blade flat, 3–13 cm × 0.3–1.1 mm. |
basal 1–3, cauline 1–2; auricles 0.5–2 mm, apex rounded, scarious; blade green or maroon, compressed, 2–16 cm × 1–2 mm. |
Inflorescences | loose and diffuse or less often compact, usually at least ½1/2 total height of plant; primary bract shorter than inflorescence. |
terminal panicles of 40–100(–200) heads, 4–16 cm, branches ascending to spreading; primary bract erect to ascending; heads 2–10-flowered, hemispheric to obpyramidal, 0.3–0.5 mm diam. |
Flowers | bracteoles 2; tepals greenish, lanceolate, 3.8–7(–8.5) mm; inner series slightly shorter, apex sometimes obtuse; stamens 3–6, filaments (0.7–)1–1.8 mm, anthers 0.3–0.8 mm; style 0.1–0.2 mm. |
tepals straw-colored, lanceolate, apex acuminate; outer tepals (2.2–)2.6–2.9 mm; inner tepals (1.8–)2.4–2.8; stamens 3, anthers 2/3 to equal filament length. |
Capsules | tan to reddish brown, 3-locular, ellipsoid to narrowly so, slightly truncate, 2.7–4 × 1–1.5 mm, sometimes exceeding inner tepals but usually not outer series. |
exserted, chestnut brown, 1-locular, narrowly obpyriform to narrowly ovoid, 2.4–2.9 mm, apex acute, valves separating at dehiscence. |
Seeds | yellowish, widely ellipsoid to ovoid, 0.26–0.49, not tailed. |
ellipsoid, 0.3–0.5 mm, not tailed; body clearly yellow-brown. |
, with faint ringlike bands at position of septa. | ||
2n | = 27–37, 58–81, 108–115. |
= 40. |
Juncus bufonius |
Juncus elliottii |
|
Phenology | Flowering and fruiting spring–early fall. | Fruiting summer. |
Habitat | Moist soils in meadows, along lakeshores or stream banks, ditches, or roadsides, especially frequent in drawdown areas, usually in open sites and often becoming weedy | Wet sands, peaty sands, or peat, exposed shores of ponds and lakes, depressions in savannas and flatwoods, moist to wet, much disturbed clearings, roadsides and ditches |
Elevation | 0–700 m (0–2300 ft) | |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Greenland; nearly worldwide
|
AL; AR; DE; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; NJ; SC; TN; TX; VA
|
Discussion | Nearly worldwide, Juncus bufonius is found essentially throughout North America except north of the Alaskan and Canadian tTaiga. Juncus bufonius is a highly polymorphic complex that is poorly understood systematically. Insufficient evidence exists upon which to base the segregation of the plethora of taxa that have been recognized out of this group in the past. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Juncus elliottii has tubers at the ends of the roots. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Poiophylli | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Septati |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | J. bufonius var. congestus, J. bufonius var. halophilus, J. bufonius var. hybridus, J. bufonius var. occidentalis, J. bufonius var. ranarius, J. congestus, J. ranarius | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 328. (1753) | Chapman: Fl. South. U.S. 494. (1860) |
Web links |
|