Juncus bufonius |
Juncus confusus |
|
---|---|---|
common toad rush, toad rush |
Colorado rush |
|
Habit | Herbs, annual, cespitose, 0.5–4 dm. | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, 3–5 dm. |
Rhizomes | densely branched. |
|
Culms | 1–many, occasionally becoming decumbent. |
(1–)5–15(–25). |
Cataphylls | 0–2. |
1–3. |
Leaves | basal and cauline; auricles rudimentary or absent; blade flat, 3–13 cm × 0.3–1.1 mm. |
basal, 2–4; auricles 0.3–0.7 mm, apex usually rounded, scarious to membranaceous; blade flat, 3–15 cm × 0.4–1 mm, margins entire. |
Inflorescences | loose and diffuse or less often compact, usually at least ½1/2 total height of plant; primary bract shorter than inflorescence. |
3–25-flowered, congested, 1–2.5 × 1–2 cm; primary bract usually exceeding inflorescence. |
Flowers | bracteoles 2; tepals greenish, lanceolate, 3.8–7(–8.5) mm; inner series slightly shorter, apex sometimes obtuse; stamens 3–6, filaments (0.7–)1–1.8 mm, anthers 0.3–0.8 mm; style 0.1–0.2 mm. |
not secund;: bracteoles 2; tepals dark green to blackish, usually with brownish midstripe, lanceolate to lanceolate-ovate, 3.5–4.3 mm, margins clear; outer and inner series nearly equal; stamens 6, filaments 0.6–0.9 mm, anthers 0.3–0.5 mm; style 0.1 mm. |
Capsules | tan to reddish brown, 3-locular, ellipsoid to narrowly so, slightly truncate, 2.7–4 × 1–1.5 mm, sometimes exceeding inner tepals but usually not outer series. |
tan or darker, 3-locular, nearly globose to widely obvoid, 2.5–3.5 × 1.3–1.8 mm, shorter than perianth. |
Seeds | yellowish, widely ellipsoid to ovoid, 0.26–0.49, not tailed. |
yellowish, obovoid to ellipsioid, 0.4–0.5 mm, not tailed. |
2n | = 27–37, 58–81, 108–115. |
= 80. |
Juncus bufonius |
Juncus confusus |
|
Phenology | Flowering and fruiting spring–early fall. | Flowering and fruiting late spring–summer. |
Habitat | Moist soils in meadows, along lakeshores or stream banks, ditches, or roadsides, especially frequent in drawdown areas, usually in open sites and often becoming weedy | Moist, open grasslands and meadows |
Elevation | 700–3400 m (2300–11200 ft) | |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Greenland; nearly worldwide
|
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; SD; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; SK
|
Discussion | Nearly worldwide, Juncus bufonius is found essentially throughout North America except north of the Alaskan and Canadian tTaiga. Juncus bufonius is a highly polymorphic complex that is poorly understood systematically. Insufficient evidence exists upon which to base the segregation of the plethora of taxa that have been recognized out of this group in the past. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Poiophylli | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Poiophylli |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | J. bufonius var. congestus, J. bufonius var. halophilus, J. bufonius var. hybridus, J. bufonius var. occidentalis, J. bufonius var. ranarius, J. congestus, J. ranarius | J. exilis |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 328. (1753) | Coville: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 10: 127. (1896) |
Web links |
|
|