Juncus bufonius |
Juncus compressus |
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common toad rush, toad rush |
compressed rush, round-fruit rush |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, cespitose, 0.5–4 dm. | Herbs, perennial, to 8 dm. |
Rhizomes | short- creeping or densely branching, if densely branching herb appearing cespitose. |
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Culms | 1–many, occasionally becoming decumbent. |
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Cataphylls | 0–2. |
1–3. |
Leaves | basal and cauline; auricles rudimentary or absent; blade flat, 3–13 cm × 0.3–1.1 mm. |
basal and cauline, 1–2; auricles 0.3–0.5 mm, scarious to membranous; blade flat to slightly channeled, 5–35 cm × 0.8–2 mm, margins entire. |
Inflorescences | loose and diffuse or less often compact, usually at least ½1/2 total height of plant; primary bract shorter than inflorescence. |
5–60-flowered, lax, loose to moderately congested, 1.5–8 cm; primary bract usually exceeding inflorescence. |
Flowers | bracteoles 2; tepals greenish, lanceolate, 3.8–7(–8.5) mm; inner series slightly shorter, apex sometimes obtuse; stamens 3–6, filaments (0.7–)1–1.8 mm, anthers 0.3–0.8 mm; style 0.1–0.2 mm. |
bracteoles 2; tepals brownish, ovate to oblong, 1.7–2.7 mm; inner and outer series nearly equal, apex obtuse; stamens 6, filaments 0.5–0.7 mm, anthers 0.6–1 mm; style 0.3 mm. |
Capsules | tan to reddish brown, 3-locular, ellipsoid to narrowly so, slightly truncate, 2.7–4 × 1–1.5 mm, sometimes exceeding inner tepals but usually not outer series. |
brown or darker, pseudo-3-locular, widely ellipsoid to obovoid, 2.5–3.5 × 1.4–1.8 mm, exceeding tepals. |
Seeds | yellowish, widely ellipsoid to ovoid, 0.26–0.49, not tailed. |
light brown, ellipsoid to lunate, 0.35–0.556 mm, not tailed. |
2n | = 27–37, 58–81, 108–115. |
= 44. |
Juncus bufonius |
Juncus compressus |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting spring–early fall. | Flowering and fruiting late spring–early summer. |
Habitat | Moist soils in meadows, along lakeshores or stream banks, ditches, or roadsides, especially frequent in drawdown areas, usually in open sites and often becoming weedy | Disturbed ground, especially ditches, along railroads and banks of canals and roadsides, frequently in saline or alkaline soils |
Elevation | 1500–2100 m (4900–6900 ft) | |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Greenland; nearly worldwide
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CO; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; ND; NE; NY; UT; WI; WY; MB; NF; NS; ON; QC; Europe; w Asia [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | Nearly worldwide, Juncus bufonius is found essentially throughout North America except north of the Alaskan and Canadian tTaiga. Juncus bufonius is a highly polymorphic complex that is poorly understood systematically. Insufficient evidence exists upon which to base the segregation of the plethora of taxa that have been recognized out of this group in the past. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Poiophylli | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Poiophylli |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | J. bufonius var. congestus, J. bufonius var. halophilus, J. bufonius var. hybridus, J. bufonius var. occidentalis, J. bufonius var. ranarius, J. congestus, J. ranarius | J. bulbosus, J. supinus |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 328. (1753) | Jacquin: Enumeratio Stirpium Pleraumque, quae sponte crescung in agro Vindobonensi 60, 235. (1762) |
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