Juncus bufonius |
Juncus capillaris |
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common toad rush, toad rush |
hair-stem dwarf rush, hair-stem rush, hairystem dwarf rush, slender stem dwarf rush |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, cespitose, 0.5–4 dm. | Herbs, annual, cespitose, 0.09–0.6 dm. |
Culms | 1–many, occasionally becoming decumbent. |
to 20. |
Cataphylls | 0–2. |
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Leaves | basal and cauline; auricles rudimentary or absent; blade flat, 3–13 cm × 0.3–1.1 mm. |
to 2.2 cm. |
Inflorescences | loose and diffuse or less often compact, usually at least ½1/2 total height of plant; primary bract shorter than inflorescence. |
headlike clusters, each with 1–2 flowers; bracts subtending inflorescence 2–4, ovate, inconspicuous, 0.8–1.5 mm, membranous, apex acute. |
Flowers | bracteoles 2; tepals greenish, lanceolate, 3.8–7(–8.5) mm; inner series slightly shorter, apex sometimes obtuse; stamens 3–6, filaments (0.7–)1–1.8 mm, anthers 0.3–0.8 mm; style 0.1–0.2 mm. |
tepals 4–6, chestnut brown to black, 1.8–2.8 × 0.8–1.5 mm; inner series usually slightly longer than outer, apex acuminate to attenuate; stamens 2–3, filaments 0.6–1.1 mm, anthers 0.3–0.4 mm; style 0.1–0.3 mm, stigma 0.4–0.6 mm. |
Capsules | tan to reddish brown, 3-locular, ellipsoid to narrowly so, slightly truncate, 2.7–4 × 1–1.5 mm, sometimes exceeding inner tepals but usually not outer series. |
tan or apex reddish, 2– or 3-locular, globose to obovoid, 1.2–2 × 1.1–1.5 mm, usually shorter than tepals. |
Seeds | yellowish, widely ellipsoid to ovoid, 0.26–0.49, not tailed. |
ellipsoid-ovoid, 0.5–0.8 mm. |
n | = 18. |
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2n | = 27–37, 58–81, 108–115. |
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Juncus bufonius |
Juncus capillaris |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting spring–early fall. | Flowering spring–mid summer. |
Habitat | Moist soils in meadows, along lakeshores or stream banks, ditches, or roadsides, especially frequent in drawdown areas, usually in open sites and often becoming weedy | Moist, bare flats, short turf, and mossy areas in meadows, stream banks, and seepage areas on outcrops (usually granite) |
Elevation | 1200–3200 m (3900–10500 ft) | |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Greenland; nearly worldwide
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CA; OR |
Discussion | Nearly worldwide, Juncus bufonius is found essentially throughout North America except north of the Alaskan and Canadian tTaiga. Juncus bufonius is a highly polymorphic complex that is poorly understood systematically. Insufficient evidence exists upon which to base the segregation of the plethora of taxa that have been recognized out of this group in the past. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Juncus capillaris occurs in California in the Sierra Nevada and in Oregon in the Steens Mountains. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Poiophylli | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Graminifolii |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | J. bufonius var. congestus, J. bufonius var. halophilus, J. bufonius var. hybridus, J. bufonius var. occidentalis, J. bufonius var. ranarius, J. congestus, J. ranarius | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 328. (1753) | F. J. Hermann: Leaflets of Western Botany 5: 116. (1948) |
Web links |
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