Juncus bufonius |
Juncus biglumis |
|
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common toad rush, toad rush |
two-flower rush, two-glumed rush |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, cespitose, 0.5–4 dm. | Herbs, perennial, loosely cespitose, 0.25–1.6 dm. |
Culms | 1–many, occasionally becoming decumbent. |
nearly terete. |
Cataphylls | 0–2. |
2–4. |
Leaves | basal and cauline; auricles rudimentary or absent; blade flat, 3–13 cm × 0.3–1.1 mm. |
basal, 1–4; sheaths loose; auricles absent or rounded, 0.5 mm; blade imperfectly septate, ascending, nearly terete, 2–7 cm × 0.5–1.5 mm. |
Inflorescences | loose and diffuse or less often compact, usually at least ½1/2 total height of plant; primary bract shorter than inflorescence. |
heads, 1–2(–4)-flowered; primary bracts much longer than inflorescence. |
Flowers | bracteoles 2; tepals greenish, lanceolate, 3.8–7(–8.5) mm; inner series slightly shorter, apex sometimes obtuse; stamens 3–6, filaments (0.7–)1–1.8 mm, anthers 0.3–0.8 mm; style 0.1–0.2 mm. |
tepals brown to blackish, oblong, 2.5–4 mm, apex obtuse; outer and inner series nearly equal; stamens 6, filaments 1–1.5 mm, anthers 0.5–0.7 mm; style deciduous, 0.3–0.4 mm. |
Capsules | tan to reddish brown, 3-locular, ellipsoid to narrowly so, slightly truncate, 2.7–4 × 1–1.5 mm, sometimes exceeding inner tepals but usually not outer series. |
pale with dark purplish valve margins, pseudo-3-locular, oblate to narrowly ovoid, 4–5.5 × 1.7–2.3 mm, exceeding perianth, apex retuse. |
Seeds | yellowish, widely ellipsoid to ovoid, 0.26–0.49, not tailed. |
yellowish tan, fusiform-ovoid, 0.7–0.9 mm, short tailed. |
2n | = 27–37, 58–81, 108–115. |
= 120. |
Juncus bufonius |
Juncus biglumis |
|
Phenology | Flowering and fruiting spring–early fall. | Flowering and fruiting summer. |
Habitat | Moist soils in meadows, along lakeshores or stream banks, ditches, or roadsides, especially frequent in drawdown areas, usually in open sites and often becoming weedy | Wet tundra and mossy margins of ponds and streams, wet gravel and open, rocky slopes in alpine zones |
Elevation | 10–3400 m (0–11200 ft) | |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Greenland; nearly worldwide
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AK; CO; MT; WY; AB; BC; LB; MB; NT; NU; ON; QC; YT; Greenland; n Europe; Asia |
Discussion | Nearly worldwide, Juncus bufonius is found essentially throughout North America except north of the Alaskan and Canadian tTaiga. Juncus bufonius is a highly polymorphic complex that is poorly understood systematically. Insufficient evidence exists upon which to base the segregation of the plethora of taxa that have been recognized out of this group in the past. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Poiophylli | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Alpini |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | J. bufonius var. congestus, J. bufonius var. halophilus, J. bufonius var. hybridus, J. bufonius var. occidentalis, J. bufonius var. ranarius, J. congestus, J. ranarius | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 328. (1753) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 328. (1753) |
Web links |
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