Juncus bufonius |
Juncus anthelatus |
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common toad rush, toad rush |
giant path rush, greater poverty rush, Kentucky or poverty rush, Kentucky rush, poverty rush, Wiegand's rush |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, cespitose, 0.5–4 dm. | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, to (3–)7–9 dm. |
Culms | 1–many, occasionally becoming decumbent. |
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Cataphylls | 0–2. |
1–2. |
Leaves | basal and cauline; auricles rudimentary or absent; blade flat, 3–13 cm × 0.3–1.1 mm. |
basal, 2–3(–5); auricles transparent, 2–3.5 mm at summit of leaf sheath, apex acutish, membranous; blade flat, (10–)20–30 cm × 0.5–2.3 mm, margins entire. |
Inflorescences | loose and diffuse or less often compact, usually at least ½1/2 total height of plant; primary bract shorter than inflorescence. |
10–100-flowered, diffuse; internodes of monochasia greater than 6 mm, primary bract usually exceeding inflorescence. |
Flowers | bracteoles 2; tepals greenish, lanceolate, 3.8–7(–8.5) mm; inner series slightly shorter, apex sometimes obtuse; stamens 3–6, filaments (0.7–)1–1.8 mm, anthers 0.3–0.8 mm; style 0.1–0.2 mm. |
pedicels 0.1–0.3(–3) mm; bracteoles 2; tepals green, lanceolate, 3.2–4.5 × 0.7–1 mm; outer and inner series nearly equal, in fruit apically erect; stamens 6, filaments 0.8–1.1 mm, anthers 0.3–0.7 mm; style 0.2 mm. |
Capsules | tan to reddish brown, 3-locular, ellipsoid to narrowly so, slightly truncate, 2.7–4 × 1–1.5 mm, sometimes exceeding inner tepals but usually not outer series. |
tan, 1-locular, widely ellipsoid to obovoid, 2–3.2 × 1.1–1.6 mm. |
Seeds | yellowish, widely ellipsoid to ovoid, 0.26–0.49, not tailed. |
tan, ellipsoid, 0.33–0.556 mm, not tailed. |
2n | = 27–37, 58–81, 108–115. |
= 80. |
Juncus bufonius |
Juncus anthelatus |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting spring–early fall. | Flowering and fruiting spring. |
Habitat | Moist soils in meadows, along lakeshores or stream banks, ditches, or roadsides, especially frequent in drawdown areas, usually in open sites and often becoming weedy | Exposed or partially shaded sites in moist or seasonally wet, sandy or clay soils |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Greenland; nearly worldwide
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AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT
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Discussion | Nearly worldwide, Juncus bufonius is found essentially throughout North America except north of the Alaskan and Canadian tTaiga. Juncus bufonius is a highly polymorphic complex that is poorly understood systematically. Insufficient evidence exists upon which to base the segregation of the plethora of taxa that have been recognized out of this group in the past. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Poiophylli | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Poiophylli |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | J. bufonius var. congestus, J. bufonius var. halophilus, J. bufonius var. hybridus, J. bufonius var. occidentalis, J. bufonius var. ranarius, J. congestus, J. ranarius | J. tenuis var. anthelatus, J. macer var. anthelatus |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 328. (1753) | (Wiegand) R. E. Brooks: Novon 9: 11. (1999) |
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