Juncus brachycephalus |
Juncus marginatus |
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small-head rush |
grass rush, grass-leaf rush, grassleaf or red-anther rush |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, 2–7 dm. | Herbs, perennial, occasionally tufted, sometimes rhizomatous, 3–13 dm. |
Rhizomes | short, knotty. |
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Culms | erect, 1–4 mm diam., smooth. |
compressed. |
Cataphylls | 1–2, straw-colored to pink, apex acute. |
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Leaves | basal 1–3, cauline 1–2; auricles 0.6–1.5 mm, apex rounded, scarious; blade terete to compressed, 0.2–12 cm × 0.5–2 mm. |
basal and cauline; auricles 0.5–1.5 mm, apex rounded, membranous; basal blade flat, 20–4.5 dcm × 1.5–5 mm, cauline reduced. |
Inflorescences | panicles of 5–80 heads, 5–25 cm, branches ascending; primary bract erect; heads 2–6-flowered, ellipsoid to obovoid, 2–5 mm diam. |
glomerules, (2–)5–200, each with (1–)2–10(–20) flowers, mostly open, 3–10(–15) cm; primary bract shorter than inflorescence. |
Flowers | tepals green to light brown, lanceolate; outer tepals 1.8–2.5 mm, apex obtuse to nearly acute; inner tepals 2–2.8 mm, apex obtuse to nearly acute; stamens 3 or 6, anthers 1/2 filament length. |
tepals dark brownish, usually with green midstripe, outer series ovate-lanceolate, 1.8–3.2 mm, margins broad, clear, awned or not, apex acutish; inner series ovate to lanceolate, 2–3.5 mm, slightly longer than outer series, apex obtuse to acute, awned or not; stamens 3, opposite outer tepals, shorter to longer than tepals, filaments 1.1–2.5 mm, anthers 0.3–1.2 mm; style 0.3 mm. |
Capsules | exserted, chestnut to dark brown, imperfectly 3-locular, obconic, 2.4–3.8 mm, apex acute proximal to beak, valves separating at dehiscence. |
brown and sometimes dark spotted, 3-locular, obovoid to nearly globose, 1.8–2.9 mm, shorter to longer than perianth. |
Seeds | ellipsoid to fusiform, 0.8–1.2 mm, tailed; body covered with whitish translucent veil. |
yellow to light brown, fusiform, 0.4–0.7 mm, not tailed. |
2n | = 80. |
= 38, 40. |
Juncus brachycephalus |
Juncus marginatus |
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Phenology | Fruiting summer–early fall. | Flowering and fruiting late spring–fall. |
Habitat | Calcareous marshes, wet meadows, and wetland shores | Moist to wet sandy, peaty, or clayey soils, usually in open areas including bogs, shores, marshes, and ditches |
Elevation | 100–200 m (300–700 ft) | |
Distribution |
AL; CO; CT; GA; IL; IN; MA; ME; MI; MN; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; QC;
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AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; NS; ON; Mexico; Central America; West Indies (Cuba)
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Discussion | The number of glomerules per inflorescence, stamen length vs.versus perianth length, and tepal shape have separately and in combination been used to distinguish a number of taxa at various nomenclaturalorial ranks. These characters, however, vary considerably across the distribution of the species (broad sense) and do so independently of one another to the point that if separate taxa are recognized, they pass insensibly among each other. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Septati | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Graminifolii |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | J. canadensis var. brachycephalus | J. aristulatus, J. aristulatus var. pinetorum, J. biflorus, J. longii, J. marginatus var. aristulatus, J. marginatus var. biflorus, J. marginatus var. odoratus, J. marginatus var. paucicapitatus, J. marginatus var. setosus, J. marginatus var. vulgaris, J. odoratus, J. setosus |
Name authority | (Engelmann) Buchenau: Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 12: 268. (1890) | Rostkovius: de Junco 38, plate 2, fig. 3. (1801) |
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