Juncus brachycephalus |
Juncus gerardii |
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small-head rush |
black needle rush, blackgrass, blackgrass rush, Gerard's rush, saltmarsh rush, saltmeadow rush |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, 2–7 dm. | Herbs, perennial, 2–9 dm. |
Rhizomes | long- creeping. |
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Culms | erect, 1–4 mm diam., smooth. |
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Cataphylls | 1–2, straw-colored to pink, apex acute. |
1–3. |
Leaves | basal 1–3, cauline 1–2; auricles 0.6–1.5 mm, apex rounded, scarious; blade terete to compressed, 0.2–12 cm × 0.5–2 mm. |
basal, (1–)2–4; auricles 0.4–0.6(–0.8) mm, scarious; blade flat or somewhat channeled, 10–40 cm × 0.4–0.7 mm, margins entire. |
Inflorescences | panicles of 5–80 heads, 5–25 cm, branches ascending; primary bract erect; heads 2–6-flowered, ellipsoid to obovoid, 2–5 mm diam. |
10–30(–80)-flowered, usually loose and somewhat lax, 2–16 cm; primary bract rarely surpassing inflorescence. |
Flowers | tepals green to light brown, lanceolate; outer tepals 1.8–2.5 mm, apex obtuse to nearly acute; inner tepals 2–2.8 mm, apex obtuse to nearly acute; stamens 3 or 6, anthers 1/2 filament length. |
bracteoles 2; tepals dark brown or blackish, lanceolate-ovate to oblong, 2.6–3.2(–3.8) mm; inner and outer series nearly equal, apex obtuse; stamens 6, filaments 0.4–0.7 mm, anthers 1.1–1.6(–1.8) mm; style 0.4 mm. |
Capsules | exserted, chestnut to dark brown, imperfectly 3-locular, obconic, 2.4–3.8 mm, apex acute proximal to beak, valves separating at dehiscence. |
chestnut brown or brown, 3-locular, widely ellipsoid, (2.2–)2.5–3.2(–3.5) × 1.3–1.9 mm. |
Seeds | ellipsoid to fusiform, 0.8–1.2 mm, tailed; body covered with whitish translucent veil. |
dark brown, ellipsoid to lunate, 0.485–0.6(–0.67) mm, not tailed. |
2n | = 80. |
= ca. 80, 84. |
Juncus brachycephalus |
Juncus gerardii |
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Phenology | Fruiting summer–early fall. | Flowering and fruiting late spring–summer. |
Habitat | Calcareous marshes, wet meadows, and wetland shores | Forming extensive colonies in exposed coastal estuary meadows and salt marshes just above high- tide line, also inland |
Elevation | 100–200 m (300–700 ft) | |
Distribution |
AL; CO; CT; GA; IL; IN; MA; ME; MI; MN; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; QC;
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CO; CT; DE; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; OR; PA; RI; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM; Greenland; Europe; Asia
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Septati | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Poiophylli |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | J. canadensis var. brachycephalus | J. bulbosus var. gerardii, J. fucensis, J. gerardii var. pedicellatus |
Name authority | (Engelmann) Buchenau: Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 12: 268. (1890) | Loiseleur-Deslongchamps: J. Bot. (Desvaux) 2: 284. (1809) |
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