Juncus brachycephalus |
Juncus ensifolius |
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small-head rush |
dagger rush, dagger-leaf rush, sword-leaf rush, three-stamen rush |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, 2–7 dm. | Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous, 2–6 dm. | ||||
Rhizomes | 2–3 mm diam. |
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Culms | erect, 1–4 mm diam., smooth. |
erect, 2–6 mm diam. |
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Cataphylls | 1–2, straw-colored to pink, apex acute. |
0 or 1–2, straw-colored, apex narrowly acute. |
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Leaves | basal 1–3, cauline 1–2; auricles 0.6–1.5 mm, apex rounded, scarious; blade terete to compressed, 0.2–12 cm × 0.5–2 mm. |
basal 1–3, cauline 2–6, straw-colored; auricles absent; blade 2–25 cdm x 1.5–6 mm. |
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Inflorescences | panicles of 5–80 heads, 5–25 cm, branches ascending; primary bract erect; heads 2–6-flowered, ellipsoid to obovoid, 2–5 mm diam. |
panicles or racemes of 2–50 heads or heads solitary, 2–14 cm, erect or ascending branches; primary bract erect; heads 3–70-flowered, obovoid to globose, 7–11 mm diam. |
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Flowers | tepals green to light brown, lanceolate; outer tepals 1.8–2.5 mm, apex obtuse to nearly acute; inner tepals 2–2.8 mm, apex obtuse to nearly acute; stamens 3 or 6, anthers 1/2 filament length. |
tepals green to brown or reddish brown, lanceolate; outer tepals 2.7–3.6(–4) mm, apex acuminate; inner tepals 2.2–3(–3.5) mm, nearly equal, apex acuminate; stamens 3 or 6; anthers ½1/2 to equal filament length. |
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Capsules | exserted, chestnut to dark brown, imperfectly 3-locular, obconic, 2.4–3.8 mm, apex acute proximal to beak, valves separating at dehiscence. |
included to slightly exserted, chestnut to dark brown, 1-locular, oblong, 2.4–4.3 mm, apex obtuse proximal to beak. |
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Seeds | ellipsoid to fusiform, 0.8–1.2 mm, tailed; body covered with whitish translucent veil. |
elliptic to obovate, 0.4–1 mm, occasionally tailed. |
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2n | = 80. |
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Juncus brachycephalus |
Juncus ensifolius |
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Phenology | Fruiting summer–early fall. | |||||
Habitat | Calcareous marshes, wet meadows, and wetland shores | |||||
Elevation | 100–200 m (300–700 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; CO; CT; GA; IL; IN; MA; ME; MI; MN; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; QC;
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AK; AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; NY; OR; SD; TX; UT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; ON; QC; SK [Introduced in Europe and East Asia]
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. | ||||
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Septati | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Ensifolii | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | J. canadensis var. brachycephalus | |||||
Name authority | (Engelmann) Buchenau: Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 12: 268. (1890) | Wikstrom: Kongl. Vetenskaps Academiens Handlingar 2: 274. (1823) | ||||
Web links |
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