Juncus articulatus |
Juncus interior |
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joint-leaf rush, jointed rush |
inland rush, interior juncus, interior rush |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous to nearly cespitose, 0.5–6(–10) dm. | Herbs, perennial, tufted, 2–6 dm. |
Rhizomes | 2–3 mm diam., not swollen. |
densely branching. |
Culms | erect to decumbent (and floating), terete, 1–3 mm diam., smooth. |
1–10. |
Cataphylls | 1, maroon to straw-colored, apex acute to obtuse. |
1–3. |
Leaves | basal 0–2, cauline (1–)3–6; auricles 0.5–1 mm, apex rounded, scarious; blade green to straw-colored, terete, 3.5–12 cm × 0.5–1.1 mm. |
basal, 1–2(–3); auricles whitish or purplish tinged, 0.2–0.4(–0.6) mm, scarious; blade flat, 5–15 cm × 0.5–1.1 mm, margins entire. |
Inflorescences | terminal panicles of 3–30(–50) heads, 3.5–8 cm, branches spreading; primary bract erect; heads 3–10-flowered, obpyramidal to hemispheric, 6–8 mm diam. |
usually somewhat compact, 1.5–7 cm; primary bract usually shorter than inflorescence. |
Flowers | tepals green to straw-colored or dark brown, ovate to lanceolate, 1.8–3 mm; outer tepals with apex acute or acuminate; inner tepals with apex acute acuminate to obtuse; stamens 6, anthers equal to filament length. |
bracteoles 2; tepals greenish, lanceolate, 3.3–4.4 mm, apex acuminate; stamens 6, filaments 0.5–0.9 mm, anthers 0.4–0.6 mm; style 0.1–0.2 mm. |
Capsules | exserted ca. 1 mm beyond perianth, chestnut brown to dark brown, imperfectly 3-locular, ellipsoid or ovoid, 2.8–4 mm, apex acute proximal to beak, valves separating at dehiscence. |
light tan or darker, 1-locular to pseudo-3-locular, ellipsoid to nearly globose, (3.3–)3.8–4.7 mm, nearly equal to or longer than tepals. |
Seeds | obovoid, 0.5 mm, not tailed. |
tan, ellipsoid to lunate, 0.436–0.73 mm, not tailed. |
2n | = 80. |
= 80. |
Juncus articulatus |
Juncus interior |
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Phenology | Fruiting mid summer–fall. | Flowering and fruiting late spring–early summer. |
Habitat | Wet ground in ditches, lake and stream margins, and a variety of other habitats, often a calciphile | Dry, often upland sites in prairies, exposed disturbed sites, and ditches in sandy or clayey soils |
Elevation | 0–3000 m (0–9800 ft) | |
Distribution |
AK; AZ; CA; CO; CT; ID; IN; KY; MA; ME; MI; MN; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SD; UT; VA; VT; WA; WV; BC; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM; Eurasia
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AR; AZ; CO; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NM; OH; OK; SD; TN; UT; WI; WY; AB; MB; ON; QC; SK; Texas
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Discussion | Juncus articulatus hybridizes with J. brevicaudatus (= J. ×fulvescens Fernald), J. alpinus (= J. ×alpiniformis Fernald), J. nodosus, and J. canadensis. Juncus articulatus var. obtusatus Engelmann appears to be intermediate with J. alpinus. It has spreading inflorescence branches but obtuse inner tepals. This may represent a backcross with J. alpinus. Recent evidence suggests that J. alpinus is a polyploid species with J. articulatus as one of its parents. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Septati | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Poiophylli |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | J. articulatus var. obtusatus, J. articulatus var. stolonifer, J. lampocarpus | J. arizonicus, J. interior var. arizonicus, J. interior var. neomexicanus, J. monostichus, J. neomexicanus |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 327. (1753) | Wiegand: Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 27: 516. (1900) |
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