Juncus arcticus |
Juncus filiformis |
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arctic rush |
thread rush |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, 2–10 dm. | Herbs, perennial, 0.2–3.5 dm. | ||||||||
Rhizomes | long- creeping. |
widely creeping, sparingly branched, 1.5–2 mm diam., nodes closely set. |
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Culms | erect, 1–3 mm diam. |
terete, 1 mm diam. |
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Cataphylls | several. |
several. |
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Leaves | blade usually absent (present in var. mexicanus). |
blade absent. |
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Inflorescences | lateral, 3–many-flowered, loose to congested; primary bract barely exceeding to many times longer than inflorescence. |
3–10(–12)-flowered, loosely congested, 1–2 cm; primary bract terete, nearly equaling to much longer than culm. |
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Flowers | variously pedicellate; bracteoles membranous; tepals chestnut brown or paler, lanceolate, (2.5–)3.3–5.5(–6) mm, margins clear; inner series loosely subtending capsule at maturity; usually slightly shorter, margins scarious to clear, apex acutish to obtuse; stamens 6, filaments 0.2–1.1 mm, anthers 0.9–2.2 mm; style 0.9–1.5 mm. |
pedicellate; bracteoles broadly ovate, tepals light brown or green, lanceolate, 2.5–4.2 mm; inner series loosely subtending capsule at maturity, slightly shorter, margins scarious; stamens 6, filaments 0.5–0.9 mm, anthers 0.5–0.7 mm; style 0.2 mm. |
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Capsules | 3-locular or infrequently pseudo-3-locular, oblate to narrowly ovoid, 3.5–4(–4.5) mm, equal to or exceeding perianth. |
tan, 3-locular, nearly globose, 2.5–3 × 1.8–2.1 mm, shorter than perianth. |
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Seeds | dark amber, oblate to ellipsoid, 0.6–0.8 mm. |
amber, 0.5–0.6 mm, not tailed. |
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2n | = 40, 70, 80, 84. |
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Juncus arcticus |
Juncus filiformis |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting summer. | |||||||||
Habitat | Usually sandy, moist or wet soil along stream banks, pools, lakes or in meadow depressions, rarely in bogs, frequently hidden by larger vegetation | |||||||||
Elevation | 0–3000 m (0–9800 ft) | |||||||||
Distribution |
AK; AR; AZ; CA; CO; DE; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NH; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SD; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Mexico; South America; Asia
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AK; CO; ID; MA; ME; MI; MN; MT; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OR; PA; UT; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM; Greenland; Eurasia; Atlantic Islands (Iceland)
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Discussion | Numerous entities have been circumscribed and recognized at various nomenclatural ranks by a plethora of authors addressing state or regional floras. In considering the Juncus arcticus-balticus complex as a whole in North America, one is soon confronted with a wide-ranging and obviously polymorphic complex that has not read the literature. It is abundantly clear that the systematics of the group will not be solved on the basis of morphology alone and that resolution of the problem is ripe for molecular investigations. Varieties 3 7 (3 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Genuini | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Genuini | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Name authority | Willdenow: Sp. Pl. 2: 206. (1799) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 326. (1753) | ||||||||
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