Juncus arcticus |
Juncus drummondii |
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arctic rush |
Drummond rush, Drummond's rush, three-flower rush |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, 2–10 dm. | Herbs, perennial, strongly tufted, to 4 dm. | ||||||||
Rhizomes | long- creeping. |
densely short-branched. |
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Culms | erect, 1–3 mm diam. |
terete. |
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Cataphylls | several. |
several. |
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Leaves | blade usually absent (present in var. mexicanus). |
blade absent or rarely present, to 1 cm. |
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Inflorescences | lateral, 3–many-flowered, loose to congested; primary bract barely exceeding to many times longer than inflorescence. |
2–5-flowered, loosely compact; primary bract usually longer than inflorescence. |
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Flowers | variously pedicellate; bracteoles membranous; tepals chestnut brown or paler, lanceolate, (2.5–)3.3–5.5(–6) mm, margins clear; inner series loosely subtending capsule at maturity; usually slightly shorter, margins scarious to clear, apex acutish to obtuse; stamens 6, filaments 0.2–1.1 mm, anthers 0.9–2.2 mm; style 0.9–1.5 mm. |
pedicellate; tepals brown to chestnut brown with green midstripe, lanceolate or widely so, (4–)5–8 mm, margins clear; inner series loosely subtending capsule at maturity, shorter; stamens 6, filaments 0.7–1 mm, anthers 1.1–1.6 mm; style 0.2 mm. |
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Capsules | 3-locular or infrequently pseudo-3-locular, oblate to narrowly ovoid, 3.5–4(–4.5) mm, equal to or exceeding perianth. |
brown to chestnut brown, 3-locular, oblate, 4.5–7(–8) × 1.8–2.2 mm, nearly equal to or exceeding perianth. |
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Seeds | dark amber, oblate to ellipsoid, 0.6–0.8 mm. |
amber, body oblate, 0.5–0.6 mm. |
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Juncus arcticus |
Juncus drummondii |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting summer. | |||||||||
Habitat | Exposed slopes, stream banks, and meadows in montane and alpine areas | |||||||||
Elevation | 1600–4000 m (5200–13100 ft) | |||||||||
Distribution |
AK; AR; AZ; CA; CO; DE; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NH; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SD; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Mexico; South America; Asia
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AK; AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; NT; YT
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Discussion | Numerous entities have been circumscribed and recognized at various nomenclatural ranks by a plethora of authors addressing state or regional floras. In considering the Juncus arcticus-balticus complex as a whole in North America, one is soon confronted with a wide-ranging and obviously polymorphic complex that has not read the literature. It is abundantly clear that the systematics of the group will not be solved on the basis of morphology alone and that resolution of the problem is ripe for molecular investigations. Varieties 3 7 (3 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Plants with capsules distinctly longer than the perianth have been referred to as Juncus drummondii var. subtriflorus. Those plants frequently occur sympatrically with J. drummondii (strict sense) through most of its range, leaving considerable doubt as to the value of recognizing such variation. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Genuini | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Genuini | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | J. compressus var. subtriflorus, J. drummondii var. longifructus, J. drummondii var. subtriflorus, J. subtriflorus, J. pauperculus | |||||||||
Name authority | Willdenow: Sp. Pl. 2: 206. (1799) | E. Meyer: in C. F. von Ledebour, Flora Rossica 4: 235. (1853) | ||||||||
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