Juncus arcticus |
Juncus cooperi |
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arctic rush |
Cooper's rush |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, 2–10 dm. | Herbs, perennial, robust, tufted, 4–10 dm. | ||||||||
Rhizomes | long- creeping. |
short. |
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Culms | erect, 1–3 mm diam. |
terete, 1.5–2.5 mm diam. |
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Cataphylls | several. |
several, reddish brown, often apiculate. |
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Leaves | blade usually absent (present in var. mexicanus). |
basal, 1–2; auricles essentially absent; blade terete, 10–40 dcm, shorter than culm. |
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Inflorescences | lateral, 3–many-flowered, loose to congested; primary bract barely exceeding to many times longer than inflorescence. |
glomerules 3–12, each with (1–)2–5 flowers, open, branches unequal, 3–12 cm, primary bract terete or slightly compressed, shorter to longer than inflorescence. |
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Flowers | variously pedicellate; bracteoles membranous; tepals chestnut brown or paler, lanceolate, (2.5–)3.3–5.5(–6) mm, margins clear; inner series loosely subtending capsule at maturity; usually slightly shorter, margins scarious to clear, apex acutish to obtuse; stamens 6, filaments 0.2–1.1 mm, anthers 0.9–2.2 mm; style 0.9–1.5 mm. |
tepals straw-colored to pale green, ovate-lanceolate, 4–5 mm, apex acuminate or setaceous; inner series elliptic, nearly equal, margins wide, scarious, apiculate; stamens 6, filaments 1 mm, anthers 1.5–2 mm; style 1 mm. |
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Capsules | 3-locular or infrequently pseudo-3-locular, oblate to narrowly ovoid, 3.5–4(–4.5) mm, equal to or exceeding perianth. |
tan to light reddish brown, 3-locular, ellipsoid, 3.7–4.5 ×1.6–2 mm, mostly shorter than or nearly equal to perianth. |
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Seeds | dark amber, oblate to ellipsoid, 0.6–0.8 mm. |
dark amber, obovoid, body 0.7–1 mm, tails 0.1–0.5 mm. |
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Juncus arcticus |
Juncus cooperi |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting spring–summer. | |||||||||
Habitat | Saline flats and meadows or edges of salt marshes | |||||||||
Elevation | below 600 m (below 2000 ft) | |||||||||
Distribution |
AK; AR; AZ; CA; CO; DE; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NH; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SD; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Mexico; South America; Asia
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AZ; CA; NV; UT; Mexico |
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Discussion | Numerous entities have been circumscribed and recognized at various nomenclatural ranks by a plethora of authors addressing state or regional floras. In considering the Juncus arcticus-balticus complex as a whole in North America, one is soon confronted with a wide-ranging and obviously polymorphic complex that has not read the literature. It is abundantly clear that the systematics of the group will not be solved on the basis of morphology alone and that resolution of the problem is ripe for molecular investigations. Varieties 3 7 (3 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Genuini | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Juncus | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Name authority | Willdenow: Sp. Pl. 2: 206. (1799) | Engelmann | ||||||||
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