Juncus arcticus |
Juncus bryoides |
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arctic rush |
moss rush, mosslike dwarf rush |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, 2–10 dm. | Herbs, annual, cespitose, 0.03–0.25 dm. | ||||||||
Rhizomes | long- creeping. |
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Culms | erect, 1–3 mm diam. |
to 150, 0.1–0.2 mm wide. |
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Cataphylls | several. |
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Leaves | blade usually absent (present in var. mexicanus). |
to 0.9 cm, 1/4–1 times height of plant. |
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Inflorescences | lateral, 3–many-flowered, loose to congested; primary bract barely exceeding to many times longer than inflorescence. |
terminal solitary flowers; bracts subtending inflorescence (1–)2, ovate, inconspicuous, 0.3–0.9 mm, membranous, apex acute. |
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Flowers | variously pedicellate; bracteoles membranous; tepals chestnut brown or paler, lanceolate, (2.5–)3.3–5.5(–6) mm, margins clear; inner series loosely subtending capsule at maturity; usually slightly shorter, margins scarious to clear, apex acutish to obtuse; stamens 6, filaments 0.2–1.1 mm, anthers 0.9–2.2 mm; style 0.9–1.5 mm. |
3-merous; : tepals (4–)6(–8), turning inward to enwrap shorter capsule at maturity, chestnut brown to black, lanceolate to oblong, 1.2–2.3(–2.8) × 0.4–0.6 mm; ; outer and inner series nearly equal, acute to acuminate; stamens 3, filaments 0.3–0.6 mm, anthers 0.15–0.25 mm; style 0.1 mm, stigma 0.2–0.3 mm. |
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Capsules | 3-locular or infrequently pseudo-3-locular, oblate to narrowly ovoid, 3.5–4(–4.5) mm, equal to or exceeding perianth. |
pale reddish, 3-locular, ovoid to ellipsoid, 1–1.9 mm × 0.5–1 mm. |
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Seeds | dark amber, oblate to ellipsoid, 0.6–0.8 mm. |
ovoid to globose, 0.3–0.5 mm. |
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2n | = ca. 38. |
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Juncus arcticus |
Juncus bryoides |
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Phenology | Flowering and fruiting spring–mid summer. | |||||||||
Habitat | Usually fine, sandy soil of washes, swales in meadows, and seepage areas on rock outcrops | |||||||||
Elevation | 600–3600 m (2000–11800 ft) | |||||||||
Distribution |
AK; AR; AZ; CA; CO; DE; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NH; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SD; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Mexico; South America; Asia
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CA; CO; ID; NV; OR; UT; Mexico
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Discussion | Numerous entities have been circumscribed and recognized at various nomenclatural ranks by a plethora of authors addressing state or regional floras. In considering the Juncus arcticus-balticus complex as a whole in North America, one is soon confronted with a wide-ranging and obviously polymorphic complex that has not read the literature. It is abundantly clear that the systematics of the group will not be solved on the basis of morphology alone and that resolution of the problem is ripe for molecular investigations. Varieties 3 7 (3 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Genuini | Juncaceae > Juncus > subg. Graminifolii | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Name authority | Willdenow: Sp. Pl. 2: 206. (1799) | F. J. Hermann: Leaflets of Western Botany 5: 117. (1948) | ||||||||
Web links |
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